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Quick Facts
- NAME: Thurgood Marshall
- OCCUPATION: Civil Rights Activist, Lawyer, Judge, Supreme Court Justice
- BIRTH DATE: July 02, 1908
- DEATH DATE: January 24, 1993
- EDUCATION: Lincoln University, Howard University School of Law, Colored High and Training School (Frederick Douglass High School)
- PLACE OF BIRTH: Baltimore, Maryland
- PLACE OF DEATH: Bethesda, Maryland
- Full Name: Thurgood Marshall
Best Known For
Thurgood Marshall was instrumental in ending legal segregation and became the first African-American justice of the Supreme Court.
Videos see all videos
Thurgood Marshall - The Legacy of Thurgood Marshall
The life of Thurgood Marshall was one that touched every decade of the 20th century and forever changed the course of equality in the United States of America.
Thurgood Marshall - The Death of Thurgood Marshall
As Thurgood Marshall’s health began to fail him, he still remained a force on the the Supreme Court. At age 83, he retired from the courts and passed away at the age of 85.
Thurgood Marshall - On the Supreme Court
In 1967 Thurgood Marshall began his tenure as the first African American Supreme Court Justice.
Thurgood Marshall - The Solicitor General
In 1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Thurgood Marshall to the post of Solicitor General, forging a strong relationship between Marshall and the President.
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Play NowThurgood Marshall. (2013). The Biography Channel website. Retrieved 06:00, May 18, 2013, from http://www.biography.com/people/thurgood-marshall-9400241.
Thurgood Marshall. [Internet]. 2013. The Biography Channel website. Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/thurgood-marshall-9400241 [Accessed 18 May 2013].
"Thurgood Marshall." 2013. The Biography Channel website. May 18 2013, 06:00 http://www.biography.com/people/thurgood-marshall-9400241.
"Thurgood Marshall," The Biography Channel website, 2013, http://www.biography.com/people/thurgood-marshall-9400241 [accessed May 18, 2013].
"Thurgood Marshall," The Biography Channel website, http://www.biography.com/people/thurgood-marshall-9400241 (accessed May 18, 2013).
Thurgood Marshall [Internet]. The Biography Channel website; 2013 [cited 2013 May 18] Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/thurgood-marshall-9400241.
Thurgood Marshall, http://www.biography.com/people/thurgood-marshall-9400241 (last visited May 18, 2013).
Thurgood Marshall. The Biography Channel website. 2013. Available at: http://www.biography.com/people/thurgood-marshall-9400241. Accessed May 18, 2013.
Synopsis
Born on July 2, 1908, in Baltimore, Maryland, Thurgood Marshall studied law at Howard University. As counsel to the NAACP, he utilized the judiciary to champion equality for African Americans. In 1954, he won the Brown v. Board of Education case, in which the Supreme Court ended racial segregation in public schools. Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1967, and served for 24 years. He died in Maryland on January 24, 1993.
Contents
Quotes
"Our whole constitutional heritage rebels at the thought of giving government the power to control men's minds."
"In recognizing the humanity of our fellow beings, we pay ourselves the highest tribute."
"Equal means getting the same thing, at the same time and in the same place."
"None of us got where we are solely by pulling ourselves up by our bootstraps. We got here because somebody—a parent, a teacher, an Ivy League crony or a few nuns—bent down and helped us pick up our boots."
"Our whole constitutional heritage rebels at the thought of giving government the power to control men's minds."
"The measure of a country's greatness is its ability to retain compassion in times of crisis."
Early Life
Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908, in Baltimore, Maryland. His father, William Marshall, the grandson of a slave, worked as a steward at an exclusive club. His mother, Norma, was a kindergarten teacher. One of William Marshall's favorite pastimes was to listen to cases at the local courthouse before returning home to rehash the lawyers' arguments with his sons. Thurgood Marshall later recalled, "Now you want to know how I got involved in law? I don't know. The nearest I can get is that my dad, my brother, and I had the most violent arguments you ever heard about anything. I guess we argued five out of seven nights at the dinner table."
Marshall attended Baltimore's Colored High and Training School (later renamed Frederick Douglass High School), where he was an above-average student and put his finely honed skills of argument to use as a star member of the debate team. The teenaged Marshall was also something of a mischievous troublemaker. His greatest high school accomplishment, memorizing the entire United States Constitution, was actually a teacher's punishment for misbehaving in class.
After graduating from high school in 1926, Marshall attended Lincoln University, a historically black college in Pennsylvania. There, he joined a remarkably distinguished student body that included Kwame Nkrumah, the future president of Ghana; Langston Hughes, the great poet; and Cab Calloway, the famous jazz singer.
After graduating from Lincoln with honors in 1930, Marshall applied to the University of Maryland Law School. Despite being overqualified academically, Marshall was rejected because of his race. This firsthand experience with discrimination in education made a lasting impression on Marshall and helped determine the future course of his career. Instead of Maryland, Marshall attended law school in Washington, D.C. at Howard University, another historically black school. The dean of Howard Law School at the time was the pioneering civil rights lawyer Charles Houston. Marshall quickly fell under the tutelage of Houston, a notorious disciplinarian and extraordinarily demanding professor. Marshall recalled of Houston, "He would not be satisfied until he went to a dance on the campus and found all of his students sitting around the wall reading law books instead of partying." Marshall graduated magna cum laude from Howard in 1933.
Murray v. Pearson
After graduating from law school, Marshall briefly attempted to establish his own practice in Baltimore, but without experience he failed to land any significant cases.
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