Quick Facts
- NAME: James Madison
- OCCUPATION: U.S. President
- BIRTH DATE: March 16, 1751
- DEATH DATE: June 28, 1836
- EDUCATION: College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)
- PLACE OF BIRTH: Port Conway, Virginia
- PLACE OF DEATH: Montpelier, Virginia
Best Known For
James Madison was the fourth President of the United States and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
James Madison. (2012). Biography.com. Retrieved 08:31, Feb 22, 2012 from http://www.biography.com/people/james-madison-9394965
James Madison [Internet]. 2012. http://www.biography.com/people/james-madison-9394965, February 22
" James Madison." 2012. Biography.com 22 Feb 2012, 08:31 http://www.biography.com/people/james-madison-9394965
' James Madison', Biography.com,(2012) http://www.biography.com/people/james-madison-9394965 [accessed Feb 22, 2012]
" James Madison," Biography.com, http://www.biography.com/people/james-madison-9394965 (accessed Feb 22, 2012).
James Madison [Internet]. Biography.com; 2012 [cited 2012 Feb 22]. Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/james-madison-9394965.
James Madison, http://www.biography.com/people/james-madison-9394965 (last visited Feb 22, 2012).
James Madison, http://www.biography.com/people/james-madison-9394965 (last visited Feb 22, 2012).
Synopsis
(born March 16 [March 5, Old Style], 1751, Port Conway, Virginia [U.S.]—died June 28, 1836, Montpelier, Virginia, U.S.) fourth president of the United States (1809–17) and one of the Founding Fathers of his country. At the Constitutional Convention (1787), he influenced the planning and ratification of the U.S. Constitution and collaborated with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay in the publication of the Federalist papers. As a member of the new House of Representatives, he sponsored the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, commonly called the Bill of Rights. He was secretary of state under President Thomas Jefferson when the Louisiana Territory was purchased from France. The War of 1812 was fought during his presidency. (For a discussion of the history and nature of the presidency, presidency of the United States of America.)
Early life and political activities
Madison was born at the home of his maternal grandmother. The son and namesake of a leading Orange county landowner and squire, he maintained his lifelong home in Virginia at Montpelier, near the Blue Ridge Mountains. In 1769 he rode horseback to the College of New Jersey (Princeton University), selected for its hostility to episcopacy. He completed the four-year course in two years, finding time also to demonstrate against England and to lampoon members of a rival literary society in ribald verse. Overwork produced several years of epileptoid hysteria and premonitions of early death, which thwarted military training but did not prevent home study of public law, mixed with early advocacy of independence (1774) and furious denunciation of the imprisonment of nearby dissenters from the established Anglican Church. Madison never became a church member, but in maturity he expressed a preference for Unitarianism.
His health improved, and he was elected to Virginia's 1776 Revolutionary convention, where he drafted the state's guarantee of religious freedom. In the convention-turned-legislature he helped Thomas Jefferson disestablish the church but lost reelection by refusing to furnish the electors with free whiskey. After two years on the governor's council, he was sent to the Continental Congress in March 1780.
Five feet four inches tall and weighing about 100 pounds, small boned, boyish in appearance, and weak of voice, he waited six months before taking the floor, but strong actions belied his mild demeanour. He rose quickly to leadership against the devotees of state sovereignty and enemies of Franco-U.S. collaboration in peace negotiations, contending also for the establishment of the Mississippi as a western territorial boundary and the right to navigate that river through its Spanish-held delta. Defending Virginia's charter title to the vast Northwest against states that had no claim to western territories and whose major motive was to validate barrel-of-rum purchases from Indian tribes,
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U.S. Presidents
View groupThe first U.S. President, former military leader George Washington, took his oath of office on April 30, 1789, on the balcony of Federal Hall. From that moment onward, the United States' highest office has been filled regularly by an elected official who aims to serve the people under the guidance of the U.S. Constitution. Here are the men who served as Chief Executive after the ratification of the Constitution in 1789.
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