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Eldridge Cleaver biography

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Black militant Eldridge Cleaver was the author of Soul on Ice and minister of information for the Black Panther Party in the 1960s.


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In prison, Eldridge Cleaver became a follower of Malcolm X and wrote a series of essays which earned him parole. Once released, Cleaver joined the Black Panther party and published his essays as Soul On Ice. He fled the country in 1968 after taking part in a shoot-out with police (the charges were dropped in 1979). In his later days, Cleaver became a born-again Christian and Republican.

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