John Calvin, Martin Luther's successor as the preeminent Protestant theologian, made a powerful impact on the fundamental doctrines of Protestantism.

• Journalist, Theologian
  (1509–1564)

Theologian Martin Luther forever changed Christianity when he began the Protestant Reformation in 16th-century Europe.

• Theologian
  (1483–1546)

Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher who laid the foundation for the modern theory of probabilities.

• Philosopher, Mathematician, Theologian, Physicist, Scientist
  (1623–1662)

Italian Dominican theologian St. Thomas Aquinas was one of the most influential medieval thinkers of Scholasticism and the father of the Thomistic school of theology.

• Saint, Theologian, Philosopher, Priest
  (c. 1225–1274)

The sermons and writings of Jonathan Edwards helped to shape the course of Protestant theology before, during and after the Great Awakening of 1740-1742.

• Educator, Philosopher, Journalist, Scholar, Theologian
  (1703–1758)

Albert Schweitzer was Alsatian-German theologian, philosopher, organist, and mission doctor in equatorial Africa, whose goal was the Brotherhood of Nations.

• Doctor, Theologian, Scholar, Journalist, Philosopher, Preacher, Missionary
  (1875–1965)

Joseph Priestley was a clergyman, political theorist, and scientist whose work advanced liberal political and religious thought and experimental chemistry.

• Philosopher, Minister, Theologian, Scientist
  (1733–1804)

Renaissance philosopher Count Giovanni Pico della Mirandola is remembered for writing the Oration on the Dignity of Man, a text considered to epitomize Renaissance humanism.

• Theologian, Philosopher, Scholar
  (1463–1494)

Cotton Mather was a Puritan minister in Boston, Massachusetts during the Colonial-era. Mather was an adviser to judges during the Salem witch trials.

• Theologian, Journalist, Minister
  (1663–1728)

Søren Kierkegaard was a 19th century Danish philosopher who wrote about Christian belief systems and helped birth existentialism.

• Writer, Critic, Philosopher, Theologian
  (1813–1855)

St. Jerome was a 4th-century religious scholar and ascetic who's responsible for the Vulgate, the Catholic Church's Latin version of the Bible's Old Testament.

• Writer, Theologian, Saint
  (c. 347–420)

An influential teacher in the 19th century, theologian Mark Hopkins stressed moral values over intellectual achievement and self-education over dogmatic education.

• Theologian, Educator
  (1802–1887)

Mary Baker Eddy was a Christian religious reformer and founder of the religious denomination known as Christian Science.

• Journalist, Prophet, Theologian
  (1821–1910)

St. Catherine of Siena was a Dominican tertiary who worked to return the papacy from France to Italy. She is one of two patron saints of Italy.

• Theologian, Saint, Nun
  (1347–1380)

Archibald Alexander was a Protestant clergyman and educator whose teachings, reviews and sermons gave him wide influence during his day.

• Theologian, Journalist, Minister
  (1772–1851)

Roman Catholic priest Gustav Gutiérrez is one of the most prominent figures in Latin American Catholicism and is considered the father of liberation theology.

• Priest, Theologian
  (1928–)

Debendranath Tagore was an Indian religious reformer and Hindu philosopher.

• Theologian
  (1817–1905)

Hashemi Rafsanjani, an ally of Ayatollah Khomeini during the Iranian Revolution, served as president of Iran from 1989 to 1997 before his defeat by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

• Religious Figure, Theologian, President (non-U.S.)
  (1934–)