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Samuel de Champlain biography

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  • NAME: Samuel de Champlain
  • OCCUPATION: Explorer, Diplomat
  • BIRTH DATE: 1567
  • DEATH DATE: December 25, 1635
  • PLACE OF BIRTH: Brouage, Province of Saintonge, France
  • PLACE OF DEATH: Quebec, Canada
  • AKA: Samuel Champlain
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Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer and diplomat who founded Quebec City in 1608 and discovered the lake that bears his name.


Synopsis

Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer. While still a young man, he began exploring North America. From three years he mapped Acadia. Then, in 1608, he established the French settlement that is now Quebec City. He was also the first to explore and describe the Great Lakes. In 1620, Louis XIII ordered him to cease exploration and govern Canada. Many places in North America bear his name.

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(born 1567, Brouage, France—died December 25, 1635, Quebec, New France [now in Quebec, Can.]) French explorer, acknowledged founder of the city of Quebec (1608), and consolidator of the French colonies in the New World. He discovered the lake that bears his name (1609) and made other explorations of what are now northern New York, the Ottawa River, and the eastern Great Lakes.

Champlain was probably born a commoner, but, after acquiring a reputation as a navigator (having taken part in an expedition to the West Indies and Central America), he received an honorary if unofficial title at the court of Henry IV. In 1603 he accepted an invitation to visit what he called the River of Canada (St. Lawrence River). He sailed, as an observer in a longboat, upstream from the mother ship's anchorage at Tadoussac, a summer trading post, to the site of Montreal and its rapids. His report on the expedition was soon published in France, and in 1604 he accompanied a group of ill-fated settlers to Acadia, a region surrounding the Bay of Fundy.

Champlain spent three winters in Acadia—the first on an island in the St. Croix River, where scurvy killed nearly half the party, and the second and third, which claimed the lives of fewer men, at Annapolis Basin. During the summers he searched for an ideal site for colonization. His explorations led him down the Atlantic coast southward to Massachusetts Bay and beyond, mapping in detail the harbours that his English rivals had only touched. In 1607 the English came to Kennebec (now in Maine) in southern Acadia. They spent only one winter there, but the threat of conflict increased French interest in colonization.

Heading an expedition that left France in 1608, Champlain undertook his most ambitious project—the founding of Quebec. On earlier expeditions he had been a subordinate, but this time he was the leader of 32 colonists.

Champlain and eight others survived the first winter at Quebec and greeted more colonists in June. Allied by an earlier French treaty with the northern Indian tribes, he joined them in defeating Iroquois marauders in a skirmish on Lake Champlain. That and a similar victory in 1610 enhanced French prestige among the allied tribes, and fur trade between France and the Indians increased. In 1610 he left for France, where he married Hélne Boullé, the daughter of the secretary to the king's chamber.

The fur trade had heavy financial losses in 1611, which prompted Quebec's sponsors to abandon the colony, but Champlain persuaded Louis XIII to intervene. Eventually the king appointed a viceroy

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