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African-Americans have a long history of activism in America, from fighting for the right to vote to pushing for integrated public spaces. Activists like Stokely Carmichael organized freedom rides, James Meredith fought to integrate blacks and whites at the University of Mississippi, and Rosa Parks instigated the Montgomery Bus Boycott. These protests were often legal and nonviolent, and made a powerful impact on civil rights in the U.S. With the help of activists like these—and many others—the country slowly worked to acknowledge the basic rights and contributions of African-Americans. Learn more about the many African-American activists who fought against the odds in order to achieve equality.
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Browse notable civil rights activists such as Nina Simone, Mary McLeod Bethune, and Martin Luther King Jr.
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Rosa Parks Photo Gallery

Mrs. Rosa Parks, 43, is shown smiling as she walks on the street here. A Supreme Court ruling, which banned segregation on the city's public transit vehicles, took effect. Mrs. Parks' arrest on December 1st, 1955, for sitting in a bus forward of white passengers, touched off the boycott of Montgomery negroes against the city's bus lines.
1956
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)" alt="Civil Rights Leader Rosa Parks in Alabama"/>
20548903
Mrs. Rosa Parks, 43, is shown smiling as she walks on the street here. A Supreme Court ruling, which banned segregation on the city's public transit vehicles, took effect. Mrs. Parks' arrest on December 1st, 1955, for sitting in a bus forward of white passengers, touched off the boycott of Montgomery negroes against the city's bus lines.
1956
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)

Rosa Parks smiling after a Supreme Court ruling banning segregation on city public transit vehicles took effect.
1956
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)" alt="Civil Rights Leader Rosa Parks Smiling"/>
20548905
Rosa Parks smiling after a Supreme Court ruling banning segregation on city public transit vehicles took effect.
1956
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)

Mrs. Rosa Parks speaks to the crowd who gathered in front of the M.L. King tomb to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the signing of the civil rights legislation. To the right of Mrs. Parks is the Reverend Joseph I. Lowery. Civil rights pioneer and founder of the SCLC. Reverend Isaiah Madison is behind Mrs. Parks.
1969
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)" alt="Rosa Parks Addressing Crowd"/>
20548907
Mrs. Rosa Parks speaks to the crowd who gathered in front of the M.L. King tomb to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the signing of the civil rights legislation. To the right of Mrs. Parks is the Reverend Joseph I. Lowery. Civil rights pioneer and founder of the SCLC. Reverend Isaiah Madison is behind Mrs. Parks.
1969
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)

Desmond Tutu and Rosa Parks
1980s
(© David Turnley/CORBIS)" alt="Desmond Tutu and Rosa Parks"/>
20548909
Desmond Tutu and Rosa Parks
1980s
(© David Turnley/CORBIS)

Civil Rights activist Rosa Parks is shown at the Wonder Woman Foundation's special 1984 Ceremonies for the Eleanor Roosevelt Woman of Courage Award presented to her on November 14, 1984.
1984
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)" alt="Rosa Parks Speaking at Podium During Award Ceremonies"/>
20548911
Civil Rights activist Rosa Parks is shown at the Wonder Woman Foundation's special 1984 Ceremonies for the Eleanor Roosevelt Woman of Courage Award presented to her on November 14, 1984.
1984
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)

Singer Harry Belafonte kisses civil rights activist Rosa Parks. The two are in Detroit at an appearance of anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela, who was recently released from a South African prison.
1990
(© David Turnley/CORBIS)" alt="Harry Belafonte Kissing Rosa Parks"/>
20548913
Singer Harry Belafonte kisses civil rights activist Rosa Parks. The two are in Detroit at an appearance of anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela, who was recently released from a South African prison.
1990
(© David Turnley/CORBIS)

Civil rights activist Rosa Parks attends a rally for the presidential campaign of Bill Clinton.
1992
(© Peter Turnley/CORBIS)" alt="Rosa Parks at Clinton Rally"/>
20548915
Civil rights activist Rosa Parks attends a rally for the presidential campaign of Bill Clinton.
1992
(© Peter Turnley/CORBIS)

An exhibit featuring Rosa Parks in the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute.
1996
(© Raymond Gehman/CORBIS)" alt="Exhibit Featuring Rosa Parks in the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute"/>
20548917
An exhibit featuring Rosa Parks in the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute.
1996
(© Raymond Gehman/CORBIS)

Rosa Parks smiles during a ceremony, held to present her with the Congressional Gold Medal.
1999
(REUTERS)" alt="FILE PHOTO OF ROSA PARKS AT MEDAL CEREMONY ON CAPITOL HILL"/>
20548919
Rosa Parks smiles during a ceremony, held to present her with the Congressional Gold Medal.
1999
(REUTERS)

Rosa Parks showing off her Congressional Gold Medal of Honor with US Vice President Gore prior to a benefit tribute concert in Mrs. Parks' honor.
1999
(EPA)" alt="Rosa Parks Showing Off her Congressional Gold Medal of Honor with US Vice President Gore"/>
20548921
Rosa Parks showing off her Congressional Gold Medal of Honor with US Vice President Gore prior to a benefit tribute concert in Mrs. Parks' honor.
1999
(EPA)

US Transport Minister Rodney Slater, left, and Missouri Senator William Lacy Clay Jr, unveil a replica of the plaque in honor of the memory of Rosa Parks on a St Louis highway.
1999
(© GREENBLATT BILL/CORBIS SYGMA)" alt="OPENING OF THE ROSA PARKS HIGHWAY"/>
20548923
US Transport Minister Rodney Slater, left, and Missouri Senator William Lacy Clay Jr, unveil a replica of the plaque in honor of the memory of Rosa Parks on a St Louis highway.
1999
(© GREENBLATT BILL/CORBIS SYGMA)

Museum visitors climb aboard the city bus that black civil rights activist Rosa Parks was arrested on 50 years ago in Alabama at Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. The bus, that was purchased and restored by the museum in 2001, is draped with a black and purple shroud to honor Parks who died in Detroit at the age of 92.
2005
(© REBECCA COOK/Reuters/Corbis)" alt="Museum visitors in Dearborn tour the bus that Rosa Parks was arrested on 50 years ago in Alabama"/>
20548925
Museum visitors climb aboard the city bus that black civil rights activist Rosa Parks was arrested on 50 years ago in Alabama at Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. The bus, that was purchased and restored by the museum in 2001, is draped with a black and purple shroud to honor Parks who died in Detroit at the age of 92.
2005
(© REBECCA COOK/Reuters/Corbis)

Zacai Banks, three, looks at a picture of the late civil rights activist Rosa Parks on the antique 1957 bus in Washington. The bus was dedicated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority in honor of Parks.
2005
(© YURI GRIPAS/Reuters/Corbis)" alt="USA - Civil Rights - Rosa Parks Anniversary"/>
20548927
Zacai Banks, three, looks at a picture of the late civil rights activist Rosa Parks on the antique 1957 bus in Washington. The bus was dedicated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority in honor of Parks.
2005
(© YURI GRIPAS/Reuters/Corbis)
20548929
A poster entitled 'It All Started on a Bus,' is pasted above the front seat of a New York City bus to honor Rosa Parks in New York.
2005
(© SHANNON STAPLETON/Reuters/Corbis)