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Martin Robison Delany biography

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  • NAME: Martin Robison Delany
  • OCCUPATION: Civil Rights Activist, Doctor, Surgeon, Editor
  • BIRTH DATE: May 06, 1812
  • DEATH DATE: January 24, 1885
  • EDUCATION: Harvard Medical School
  • PLACE OF BIRTH: Charles Town (now West Virginia), Virginia
  • PLACE OF DEATH: Xenia, Ohio
  • AKA: Martin R. Delany
  • AKA: Martin Delany
  • Full Name: Martin Robison Delany

Best Known For

Abolitionist Martin Robison Delany was both a physician and newspaper editor, and became one of the most influential and successful anti-slavery activists of the 19th century.


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Born in Charles Town, Virginia (now West Virginia), on May 6, 1812, Martin Robison Delany spent his life working to end slavery. He was a successful physician—one of the first African Americans admitted to Harvard Medical School—who used his influence to educate others about the evils of slavery with a number of abolitionist publications. He later served in the Civil War. Delany died on January 24, 1885, in Xenia, Ohio (though some sources say Wilberforce, Ohio).

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      African-Americans have a long history of activism in America, from fighting for the right to vote to pushing for integrated public spaces. Activists like Stokely Carmichael organized freedom rides, James Meredith fought to integrate blacks and whites at the University of Mississippi, and Rosa Parks instigated the Montgomery Bus Boycott. These protests were often legal and nonviolent, and made a powerful impact on civil rights in the United States. With the help of activists like these—and many others—the country slowly worked to acknowledge the basic rights and contributions of African-Americans. Activists outisde of the U.S. include Desmond Tutu and Nelson Mandela, who have fought against apartheid in South Africa. Learn more about the many black activists who fought against the odds in order to achieve equality.

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