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When Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel died in 1896, he left his fortune to create an annual series of prizes for the individuals who confer "the greatest benefit on mankind." The most prestigious of the awards is the Nobel Peace Prize. Historians believe Alfred Nobel wanted to award people who work for peace to compensate for his own role in inventing dynamite. Since its establishment, the prize has gone to many courageous individuals who have fought for peace and human rights around the world.
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Nobel Peace Prize Winners
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Famous Capricorns
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African-Americans have a long history of activism in America, from fighting for the right to vote to pushing for integrated public spaces. Activists like Stokely Carmichael organized freedom rides, James Meredith fought to integrate blacks and whites at the University of Mississippi, and Rosa Parks instigated the Montgomery Bus Boycott. These protests were often legal and nonviolent, and made a powerful impact on civil rights in the U.S. With the help of activists like these—and many others—the country slowly worked to acknowledge the basic rights and contributions of African-Americans. Learn more about the many African-American activists who fought against the odds in order to achieve equality.
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Famous Black Activists
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Martin Luther King Jr. Photo Gallery

Martin Luther King, Jr. spending time with his son, Martin III, and daughter Yolanda. (© Marvin Koner/Corbis)" alt="Martin Luther King Jr. and Two of His Children"/>
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Martin Luther King, Jr. spending time with his son, Martin III, and daughter Yolanda.
(© Marvin Koner/Corbis)

Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. is shown at a 1963 news conference here, in which he said that negotiations to end Birmingham's racial strife were still underway." alt=""/>
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Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. is shown at a 1963 news conference here, in which he said that negotiations to end Birmingham's racial strife were still underway.

Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. waves to participants in the Civil Rights Movement's March on Washington from the Lincoln Memorial. It was from this spot that he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech on August 28, 1963. (© Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS)" alt="Martin Luther King Jr. at March on Washington"/>
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Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. waves to participants in the Civil Rights Movement's March on Washington from the Lincoln Memorial. It was from this spot that he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech on August 28, 1963.
(© Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS)

Martin Luther King, Jr. meets his parishioners at Ebenezer Baptist Church after Sunday services in 1964. His father, the main pastor of the church, stands behind him." alt=""/>
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Martin Luther King, Jr. meets his parishioners at Ebenezer Baptist Church after Sunday services in 1964. His father, the main pastor of the church, stands behind him.

Martin Luther King, Jr. serves pieces of chicken to his young sons Marty and Dexter at this 1964 Sunday dinner. (© Flip Schulke/CORBIS)" alt="King Serving Chicken to Sons"/>
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Martin Luther King, Jr. serves pieces of chicken to his young sons Marty and Dexter at this 1964 Sunday dinner.
(© Flip Schulke/CORBIS)

King speaks to a packed crowd at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1964, urging them to continue their demonstrations. Nashville saw seven days of racial demonstrations that began April 27, 1963. King arrived at the airport and told newsmen that he had not been asked to participate in the demonstrations. (© Bettmann/CORBIS)" alt="Martin Luther King Speaking at Fisk University"/>
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King speaks to a packed crowd at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1964, urging them to continue their demonstrations. Nashville saw seven days of racial demonstrations that began April 27, 1963. King arrived at the airport and told newsmen that he had not been asked to participate in the demonstrations.
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)

King and his wife, Coretta, march with other civil rights activists through a neighborhood in Selma in 1965. (© Flip Schulke/CORBIS)" alt="Kings Marching in Selma Neighborhood"/>
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King and his wife, Coretta, march with other civil rights activists through a neighborhood in Selma in 1965.
(© Flip Schulke/CORBIS)
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Martin Luther King, Jr. leading the 1965 march from Selma to Montgomery to protest lack of voting rights for African-Americans. Beside King is John Lewis, Reverend Jesse Douglas, James Forman and Ralph Abernathy.

(© Bettmann/CORBIS)" alt="Martin Luther King Playing Pool"/>
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King tries a difficult behind-the-back shot while using his "best stick" in a pool match with Chicago civil rights leader Al Raby, while on an anti-slum campaign in 1966.
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)
20254443
Martin Luther King, Jr. speaks to a crowd at the 1966 March Against Fear rally, on the steps of the Mississippi State Capitol. The march, which began in Memphis, Tennessee, is led by James Meredith, the first African-American student at the University of Mississippi.
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King leads a group of African-American children to their newly integrated school in Grenada, Mississippi, escorted by folk singer Joan Baez and two aides.
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)
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King nd his wife march together along a rural Mississippi road with the March Against Fear in 1966.
(© Flip Schulke/CORBIS)
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Civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. sits in a jail cell at the Jefferson County Courthouse in Birmingham, Alabama.
(© Bettmann/CORBIS)
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King's family mourns the leader's death at his 1968 funeral in Atlanta, Georgia.
(© JP Laffont/Sygma/Corbis)
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Street signs mark the intersection of Rosa Parks Boulevard and Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard in Detroit, Michigan. Parks sparked a 381-day boycott of the bus system when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in Alabama in 1955. The boycott was led by a little-known Baptist minister at the time, Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. who earned the Nobel Peace Prize for his work.
(© REBECCA COOK/Reuters/Corbis)