Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo led his country to achieve independence after fighting off both the Spanish and the Americans.
1869-1964
1783-1824
Ahmadou Ahidjo was the first president of the United Republic of Cameroon. He lead one of the few successful attempts at supraterritorial African unity.
1924-1989
1876-1903
1908-1973
1370-1419
After the Duvalier family of dictators was overthrown, Salesian Priest Jean-Bertrand Aristide was chosen as president of Haiti in its first democratic election.
1953-
Francis Bacon was an English Renaissance statesman and philosopher, best known for his promotion the scientific method.
1561-1626
1901-1973
Rod Blagojevich is an Illinois-based politician whose career has been marred by as many scandals as it has been highlighted by successes.
1956-
1749-1800
Jean-Bedel Bokassa was the president of the Central African Republic (1966-1976) and a self-proclaimed emperor of the Central African Empire (1976-1979).
1921-1996
Napoleon Bonaparte was a military general who became the first emperor of France. His drive for military expansion changed the world.
1769-1821
12-41
1837-1894
Nicolae Ceausescu was the leader of Communist Romania for more than two decades until his execution in 1989.
1918-1989
Hugo Chávez served as president of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013. During his presidency, he sold oil to Cuba and resisted efforts to stop narcotic trafficking in Columbia, and subsequently strained relations with the United States.
1954-2013
Idi Amin was a Ugandan president best known for his brutal regime and crimes against humanity while in power from 1971-1979.
1925-2003
Maximilien de Robespierre was an official during the French Revolution and one of the principal architects of the Reign of Terror.
1758-1794
1830-1915
Anwar el-Sadat was the one-time president of Egypt (1970-1981) who shared the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize for establishing peace agreements with Israel.
1918-1981
Filipino actor and politician Joseph Estrada served as the 13th president of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001.
1937-
1884-1969
1806-1873
1893-1979
1852-1933
Benito Juárez was a national hero and president of Mexico, who, for three years (1864-'67), fought against foreign occupation under Maximilian.
1806-1872
1927-
1767-1834
Italian diplomat Niccolò Machiavelli is best known for writing The Prince, a handbook for unscrupulous politicians that inspired the term "Machiavellian" and established its author as the "father of modern political theory."
1469-1527
Maximilian was the Archduke of Austria and the Emperor of Mexico from 1863-1867. He was executed in 1867 by President Benito Juárez's victorious forces.
1832-1867
Prime Minister of Hungary Imre Nagy withdrew Hungary from the Warsaw Pact and led Hungarians against the Soviets in the Hungarian Uprising of 1956.
1896-1958
Napoleon III, the nephew of Napoleon I, was emperor of France from 1852 to 1870. His downfall came during the Franco-Prussian War, when his efforts to defeat Otto Von Bismarck ended in his capture.
1808-1873
Alexei Nikolaevich was the only son of Nicholas II, the last tsar of Russia, and the tsarina Alexandra. He was killed with his family during the Russian Revolution.
1904-1918
1909-1972
Ugandan statesman, prime minister and president Apollo Milton Obote founded the Uganda People's Congress.
1925-2005
1815-1867
1895-1974
1334-1369
Emperor Haile Selassie I worked to modernize Ethiopia for several decades before famine and political opposition forced him from office in 1974.
1892-1975
King Mohammed Zahir Shah was king of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973, during which time he provided an era of stable government to his country.
1914-2007
Ariel Sharon is an Israeli statesman and retired general, who served as Israel's 11th prime minister.
1928-
Chandra Shekhar Singh was a politician and legislator who served as Prime Minister of India from 1990-1991.
1927-2007
Julius Streicher was a Nazi demagogue and politician who gained infamy as one of the most virulent advocates of the persecution of Jews during the 1930s.
1885-1946
Sukarno is best known as the first president of the Republic of Indonesia.
1901-1970
1734-1782
Communist Leon Trotsky helped ignite the Russian Revolution of 1917, and built the Red Army afterward. He was exiled and later assassinated by Soviet agents.
1879-1940
1882-1954
Lee Kuan Yew was the prime minster of Singapore from 1959 to 1990, making him the longest-serving PM in history. During his long rule, Singapore became the most prosperous nation in Southeast Asia.
1923-
1919-2005