Alfred Blalock was a surgeon who pioneered corrective heart surgery in newborns and did groudbreaking work related to blood loss and shock.
Ben Carson overcame his troubled youth in inner-city Detroit to become a gifted neurosurgeon famous for his work separating conjoined twins.
Michael DeBakey was an American cardiovascular surgeon and surgical pioneer.
Abolitionist Martin Robison Delany was both a physician and newspaper editor, and became one of the most influential and successful anti-slavery activists of the 19th century.
Charles Drew was an African-American surgeon who pioneered methods of storing blood plasma for transfusion and organized the first large-scale blood bank in the U.S.
Antonia C. Novello is a former U.S. surgeon general who was the first woman and first person of Latin descent to hold the position.
Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov studied "conditioned reflex" through an experiment that made hungry dogs salivate at the sound of a dinner bell.
Sam Sheppard was an American physician best known as a homicide suspect in his wife’s murder.
Mary Walker was a physician and women's rights activist who received the Congressional Medal of Honor for her service during the Civil War.
Daniel Hale Williams was a physician who performed the first known open-heart surgery in the United States and who founded a hospital with an interracial staff.