a
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Madeleine Albright
Diplomat, Government Official / 1937 -
Madeleine Albright became the first woman to represent the U.S. in regards to foreign affairs as the secretary of state.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1937-)
Diplomat, Government Official
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Sholem Aleichem
Religious Leader, Author, Playwright / 1859 - 1916
Sholem Aleichem was a leading Yiddish author and playwright. The musical Fiddler on the Roof is baed on his stories about Tevye the Milkman.
See full bio
(1859-1916)
Religious Leader, Author, Playwright
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Yasser Arafat
Political Leader / 1929 - 2004
Yasser Arafat was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization from 1969 until his death in 2004, a tumultuous period in which clashes with neighboring Israel were prevalent.
See full bio
(1929-2004)
Political Leader
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Reinaldo Arenas
Poet / 1943 - 1990
Reinaldo Arenas was a Cuban poet, novelist and essayist who fled persecution under Fidel Castro and immigrated to the United States.
See full bio
(1943-1990)
Poet
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Jean-Bertrand Aristide
World Leader, Priest / 1953 -
After the Duvalier family of dictators was overthrown, Salesian Priest Jean-Bertrand Aristide was chosen as president of Haiti in its first democratic election.
See full bio
(1953-)
World Leader, Priest
b
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Ingrid Bergman
Actress / 1915 - 1982
Ingrid Bergman was one of the most popular motion-picture actresses in the United States from the 1940s until her death in 1982. She was also an international star across Europe.
See full bio
(1915-1982)
Actress
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Isaiah Berlin
Educator, Historian, Philosopher, Scholar, Academic Author, Journalist / 1909 - 1997
Isaiah Berlin was a trailblazing 20th century scholar, philosopher and author, who championed pluralistic thinking and openness to ideas.
See full bio
(1909-1997)
Educator, Historian, Philosopher, Scholar, Academic Author, Journalist
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Louis Blanc
Philosopher, Political Leader / 1811 - 1882
Louis Blanc was a utopian socialist thinker noted for his theory of worker-controlled "social workshops."
See full bio
(1811-1882)
Philosopher, Political Leader
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Elizabeth Bowen
Author / 1899 - 1973
Elizabeth Bowen is the author of novels and short-story collections such as The House in Paris (1935), The Heat of the Day (1938) and The Demon Lover (1945).
See full bio
(1899-1973)
Author
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Willy Brandt
Political Leader / 1913 - 1992
Willy Brandt was a German statesman, leader of the German Social Democratic Party and chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1969–74).
See full bio
(1913-1992)
Political Leader
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Samuel Bronfman
Entrepreneur / 1889 - 1971
Samuel Bronfman founded Distillers Corporation Limited, a Montreal-based distiller that supplied American bootleggers with alcohol during U.S. Prohibition.
See full bio
(1889-1971)
Entrepreneur
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Jackson Browne
Environmental Activist, Anti-War Activist, Songwriter, Guitarist, Pianist / 1948 -
Jackson Browne is a folk singer-songwriter who released numerous hit records in the 1970s and '80s, including Late for the Sky. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004.
See full bio
(1948-)
Environmental Activist, Anti-War Activist, Songwriter, Guitarist, Pianist
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Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Poet / 1806 - 1861
Elizabeth Barrett Browning was best known for her love poems, Sonnets from the Portuguese and Aurora Leigh, and her marriage to fellow poet Robert Browning.
See full bio
(1806-1861)
Poet
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Maurice Béjart
Choreographer / 1927 - 2007
Dancer and choreographer Maurice Béjart founded Switzerland's Béjart Ballet Lausanne, known for his 2000 version of The Nutcracker.
See full bio
(1927-2007)
Choreographer
c
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St. Frances Xavier Cabrini
Nun, Saint / 1850 - 1917
St. Frances Xavier Cabrini founded the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and helped Italian-American immigrants. She was canonized in 1946.
See full bio
(1850-1917)
Nun, Saint
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Jane Campion
Director, Screenwriter / 1954 -
Jane Campion is a New Zealand film director and writer who won an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay for The Piano in 1993. She also directed Bright Star.
See full bio
(1954-)
Director, Screenwriter
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Raymond Chandler
Entrepreneur, Author, Screenwriter / 1888 - 1959
Detective fiction writer Raymond Chandler is best known for creating the private detective character Philip Marlowe, featured in The Big Sleep.
See full bio
(1888-1959)
Entrepreneur, Author, Screenwriter
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Arthur C. Clarke
Author / 1917 - 2008
An author of more than 100 books, Arthur C. Clarke’s imagination and insight influenced modern science via works like his classic 2001: A Space Odyssey.
See full bio
(1917-2008)
Author
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J.M. Coetzee
Author / 1940 -
J.M. Coetzee is an author concerned with the conflicts and experiences of apartheid South Africa. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2003.
See full bio
(1940-)
Author
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Ronald Colman
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Warrior / 1891 - 1958
Ronald Colman was an Academy Award-winning British actor.
See full bio
(1891-1958)
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Warrior
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Noel Coward
Playwright / 1899 - 1973
British actor, songwriter and playwright Noël
Coward was one of the top figures of 20th century theater, using wit to deal with major social issues.
See full bio
(1899-1973)
Playwright
d
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RubĂ©n DarĂo
Diplomat, Journalist, Author, Poet / 1867 - 1916
Rubén Darío was an acclaimed Nicaraguan poet, essayist and journalist who introduced the style known as modernism to Spanish literature.
See full bio
(1867-1916)
Diplomat, Journalist, Author, Poet
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Richard Dawson
Film Actor, Television Actor, Comedian, Game Show Host / 1932 - 2012
British comedian Richard Dawson is best known for his role as Corporal Newkirk in the World War II sitcom Hogan's Heroes and as the host of Family Feud.
See full bio
(1932-2012)
Film Actor, Television Actor, Comedian, Game Show Host
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Ronaldo
Soccer Player / 1976 -
Soccer player Ronaldo starred for the Brazilian national team and several European clubs over the course of a career that spanned nearly two decades.
See full bio
(1976-)
Soccer Player
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Marquis de Sade
Philosopher, Criminal, Author / 1740 - 1814
Marquis de Sade was a French aristocrat and philosopher who became notorious for acts of sexual cruelty in his writings as well as in his own life.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1740-1814)
Philosopher, Criminal, Author
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Sergei Diaghilev
Critic, Ballet Dancer, Choreographer / 1872 - 1929
Art critic Sergei Diaghilev started the artistic collaboration the Ballet Russes, which toured worldwide and was a forerunner of the Royal Ballet.
See full bio
(1872-1929)
Critic, Ballet Dancer, Choreographer
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James Doohan
Film Actor, Television Actor / 1920 - 2005
Actor James Doohan will forever be remembered as the Scottish chief engineer Scotty in the popular science fiction television and film series Star Trek.
See full bio
(1920-2005)
Film Actor, Television Actor
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Isadora Duncan
Choreographer / 1877 - 1927
Isadora Duncan was a trailblazing dancer and instructor whose emphasis on free forms of movement was a precursor to modern dance techniques.
See full bio
(1877-1927)
Choreographer
f
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Siegfried Fischbacher
Theater Actor, Entrepreneur, Magician / 1939 -
Retired magician Siegfried Fischbacher was one-half of the performing duo Siegfried and Roy.
See full bio
(1939-)
Theater Actor, Entrepreneur, Magician
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Sandford Fleming
Engineer / 1827 - 1915
Sandford Fleming was a civil engineer and scientist best known as the chief railway engineer of Canada in the 19th century.
See full bio
(1827-1915)
Engineer
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Sigmund Freud
Scholar, Psychiatrist / 1856 - 1939
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist best known for developing the theories and techniques of psychoanalysis.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1856-1939)
Scholar, Psychiatrist
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Erich Fromm
Psychiatrist, Academic Author / 1900 - 1980
Psychoanalyst Erich Fromm studied the effect of society on the human psyche in such works as To Have or to Be and Escape from Freedom.
See full bio
(1900-1980)
Psychiatrist, Academic Author
g
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Elián González
1993 -
In 1999, 5-year-old Elián González became the center of controversy when he was found floating on a raft near Miami after escaping Castro's Cuba.
See full bio
(1993-)
h
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Arthur Hailey
Author / 1920 - 2004
Novelist Arthur Hailey wrote successful books-turned-movies Hotel (1965) and Airport (1968).
See full bio
(1920-2004)
Author
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F.A. Hayek
Educator, Scholar, Economist, Journalist / 1899 - 1992
Economist F.A. Hayek was noted for his criticisms of the Keynesian welfare state and of totalitarian socialism. In 1974 he shared the Nobel Prize for Economics.
See full bio
(1899-1992)
Educator, Scholar, Economist, Journalist
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Thomas Hobbes
Historian, Philosopher, Political Scientist, Scientist, Academic Author, Journalist / 1588 - 1679
Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher in the 17th century, was best known for his book Leviathan (1651) and his political views on society.
See full bio
(1588-1679)
Historian, Philosopher, Political Scientist, Scientist, Academic Author, Journalist
i
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Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Women's Rights Activist, Nun, Writer / 1651 - 1695
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz was a 17th century nun, self-taught scholar and acclaimed writer of the Latin American colonial period and the Hispanic Baroque. She was also a staunch advocate for women's rights.
See full bio
(1651-1695)
Women's Rights Activist, Nun, Writer
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Washington Irving
Writer / 1783 - 1859
Washington Irving was a popular 19th century American author, best known for the stories Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
See full bio
(1783-1859)
Writer
j
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J.B.S. Haldane
Academic, Geneticist, Academic Author / 1892 - 1964
J.B.S. Haldane was a British geneticist who helped found the theories of population genetics.
See full bio
(1892-1964)
Academic, Geneticist, Academic Author
k
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Jack Kerouac
Journalist, Author, Poet / 1922 - 1969
Jack Kerouac was an American writer best known for the novel On the Road, which became an American classic, pioneering the Beat Generation in the 1950s.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1922-1969)
Journalist, Author, Poet
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Rudyard Kipling
Writer / 1865 - 1936
Rudyard Kipling was an English author, famous for his works: Just So Stories, The Jungle Book and "Gunga Din." He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907.
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| Watch video
(1865-1936)
Writer
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Stanley Kubrick
Director, Producer, Screenwriter / 1928 - 1999
Stanley Kubrick was an American filmmaker best known for directing Dr. Strangelove, Clockwork Orange, 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Shining and Full Metal Jacket.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1928-1999)
Director, Producer, Screenwriter
l
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Meyer Lansky
White Collar Criminal, Organized Crime Boss / 1902 - 1983
Meyer Lansky was a Polish American organized crime figure instrumental in the development of the National Crime Syndicate in the United States.
See full bio
(1902-1983)
White Collar Criminal, Organized Crime Boss
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Jane Leeves
Film Actress, Theater Actress, Television Actress / 1961 -
British-American actress Jane Leeves played Daphne on the Emmy Award-winning NBC sitcom Frasier, and began playing Joy on TV Land's Hot in Cleveland in 2010.
See full bio
(1961-)
Film Actress, Theater Actress, Television Actress
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Mary Kay Letourneau
Educator, Criminal / 1962 -
Mary Kay Letourneau was sentenced to seven years in prison for statutory rape for having a sexual relationship with a 13-year-old boy in her class.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1962-)
Educator, Criminal
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Jet Li
Film Actor, Martial Arts Expert / 1963 -
Jet Li is an actor and martial artist who has starred in a number of Chinese and English-language action films.
See full bio
(1963-)
Film Actor, Martial Arts Expert
m
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Yo-Yo Ma
Musician / 1955 -
Yo-Yo Ma is an acclaimed cellist and songwriter who has produced dozens of albums and won more than 15 Grammy Awards.
See full bio
(1955-)
Musician
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William Lyon Mackenzie
Political Leader, Publisher, Journalist / 1795 - 1861
William Lyon Mackenzie was a journalist and political agitator who led an unsuccessful revolt against the Canadian government in 1837.
See full bio
(1795-1861)
Political Leader, Publisher, Journalist
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Thomas Mann
Journalist / 1875 - 1955
German novelist, short-story and essay writer Thomas Mann won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1929. One of his best-known novels is Death in Venice.
See full bio
(1875-1955)
Journalist
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Rudolph A. Marcus
Academic, Chemist / 1923 -
Rudolph A. Marcus is a Canadian chemist known for his research in electron-transfer reactions. He established what is known as the Marcus Theory, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1992.
See full bio
(1923-)
Academic, Chemist
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Somerset Maugham
Author, Playwright / 1874 - 1965
English novelist, playwright, and short-story writer Somerset Maugham is best known for the works Of Human Bondage, The Letter, Rain and The Razor's Edge.
See full bio
(1874-1965)
Author, Playwright
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James Abbott McNeill Whistler
Painter / 1834 - 1903
James Abbott McNeill Whistler was a U.S.-born British painter who was highly influential in the late 19th century. His best-known work is "Whistler's Mother."
See full bio
(1834-1903)
Painter
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Lionel Messi
Children's Activist, Soccer Player / 1987 -
Argentina native Lionel Messi has established records for goals scored and won individual awards en route to worldwide recognition as the best player in soccer.
See full bio
(1987-)
Children's Activist, Soccer Player
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Yves Montand
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Singer / 1921 - 1991
Yves Montand was an Italian actor known for such films as Wages of Fear and Manon of the Spring.
See full bio
(1921-1991)
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Singer
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Sun Myung Moon
Business Leader, Religious Leader / 1920 - 2012
Sun Myung Moon was founder and leader of the Unification Church, a religious movement whose followers were labeled "Moonies."
See full bio
(1920-2012)
Business Leader, Religious Leader
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Brian Moore
Author / 1921 - 1999
Brian Moore is best known for his first novel, The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne (1955), about an aging, alcoholic spinster.
See full bio
(1921-1999)
Author
n
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V.S. Naipaul
Journalist, Author / 1932 -
Sir V.S. Naipaul is a Trinidadian-British writer of Indian descent known for his novels set in developing countries. He won the Nobel Prize in 2001 for his novel, Half a Life.
See full bio
(1932-)
Journalist, Author
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Nana
Warrior / 1800 - 1896
Apache chief Nana (c. 1800-1896) fought alongside Geronimo to preserve the land of his Native American tribe.
See full bio
(1800-1896)
Warrior
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Nicholas Nikolaevich
Military Leader / 1856 - 1929
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia was commander in chief of Tzar Nicholas II's army during WWI. The Russian Revolution ended his career.
See full bio
(1856-1929)
Military Leader
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Asra Nomani
Women's Rights Activist, Academic Author, Blogger, Journalist / 1965 -
Asra Nomani is known for her fight for women's equality in the American Islamic community.
See full bio
(1965-)
Women's Rights Activist, Academic Author, Blogger, Journalist
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Rudolf Nureyev
Ballet Dancer / 1938 - 1993
Famed Russian-born male dancer Rudolf Nureyev was a soloist for the Kirov Ballet and a choreographer for the Paris Opera Ballet.
See full bio
(1938-1993)
Ballet Dancer
o
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Catherine of Aragon
Queen, Princess / 1485 - 1536
Of Spanish descent, the devout, learned Catherine of Aragon was the 16th-century Queen of England due to her marriage to Henry VIII.
See full bio
(1485-1536)
Queen, Princess
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James Edward Oglethorpe
Military Leader, Philanthropist / 1696 - 1785
James Edward Oglethorpe was an 18th century member of British Parliament who also founded the U.S. colony of Georgia.
See full bio
(1696-1785)
Military Leader, Philanthropist
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Sandra Oh
Film Actress, Television Actress / 1971 -
Sandra Oh is a Canadian actress best known for her role as Dr. Cristina Yang on the hit television series Grey's Anatomy.
See full bio
(1971-)
Film Actress, Television Actress
p
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Robert E. Park
Educator, Civil Rights Activist, Sociologist / 1864 - 1944
Robert E. Park was an American sociologist most interested in urban issues and the question of assimilation as it pertained to immigrants in the United States.
See full bio
(1864-1944)
Educator, Civil Rights Activist, Sociologist
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Wolfgang Pauli
Physicist / 1900 - 1958
Wolfgang Pauli was a physicist and recipient of the 1945 Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery in 1925 of the Pauli exclusion principle.
See full bio
(1900-1958)
Physicist
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I.M. Pei
Architect / 1917 -
I.M. Pei is a Chinese-born American architect, perhaps best known for his controversial glass pyramid in the courtyard at the Louvre Museum in Paris.
See full bio
(1917-)
Architect
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Peter Stuyvesant
Explorer, Folk Hero, Political Leader / 1612 - 1672
Dutch colonial governor Peter Stuyvesant is best known for trying to resist the English seizure of New York and is a major figure in the early history of New York City.
See full bio
(1612-1672)
Explorer, Folk Hero, Political Leader
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Manuel Puig
Author, Screenwriter / 1932 - 1990
Manuel Puig was an Argentine writer known for his film scripts and novels, notably Kiss of the Spider Woman.
See full bio
(1932-1990)
Author, Screenwriter
r
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Stamford Raffles
Political Leader / 1781 - 1826
Stamford Raffles was an English administrator and traveler who oversaw the establishment of Singapore.
See full bio
(1781-1826)
Political Leader
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Basil Rathbone
Film Actor, Theater Actor / 1892 - 1967
Character actor Basil Rathbone (1892-1967) is best known for playing Sherlock Holmes in 14 movies from 1939 to 1946.
See full bio
(1892-1967)
Film Actor, Theater Actor
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Jason Reitman
Film Actor, Television Actor, Director, Producer, Television Producer, Academic Author, Screenwriter / 1977 -
Jason Reitman is a film director, screenwriter, producer and actor, best known for directing, Thank You for Smoking, Juno, and Up in the Air.
See full bio
(1977-)
Film Actor, Television Actor, Director, Producer, Television Producer, Academic Author, Screenwriter
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Augusto Roa Bastos
Author / 1917 - 2005
Paraguayan author Augusto Roa Bastos received the Premio Cervantes prize in 1989 for books like I, the Supreme (1947).
See full bio
(1917-2005)
Author
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Ronaldinho
Soccer Player / 1980 -
Soccer superstar Ronaldinho was a member of Brazil's 2002 World Cup championship team and twice won the FIFA World Player of the Year award.
See full bio
(1980-)
Soccer Player
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Philosopher, Songwriter / 1712 - 1778
Jean-Jacques Rousseau is best known as an influential 18th-century philosopher who wrote the acclaimed work A Discourse on the Arts and Sciences.
See full bio
(1712-1778)
Philosopher, Songwriter
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Salman Rushdie
Author / 1947 -
Salman Rushdie is a British-Indian novelist best known for the novels Midnight's Children (1981) and The Satanic Verses (1988), for which he was accused of blasphemy against Islam.
See full bio
(1947-)
Author
s
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Nelly Sachs
Playwright, Poet / 1891 - 1970
German poet and playwright Nelly Sachs won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1966 for expressing the grief and yearning of her fellow Jews after WWII.
See full bio
(1891-1970)
Playwright, Poet
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Yves Saint Laurent
Fashion Designer / 1936 - 2008
Yves Saint Laurent was best known as an influential European fashion designer who impacted fashion in the 1960s to the present day.
See full bio
(1936-2008)
Fashion Designer
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Catherine Shelton
Lawyer
In 1999, Criminal Defense Attorney Catherine Shelton was accused of shooting her rival, Marissa Hierro. Shelton’s husband was convicted, while she was absolved.
See full bio
Lawyer
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J.C.L. Simonde de Sismondi
Historian, Economist, Writer / 1773 - 1842
J.C.L. Simonde de Sismondi was an 18th-19th century economist and author who espoused pioneering ideas on governmental structures.
See full bio
(1773-1842)
Historian, Economist, Writer
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St Jerome
Saint, Theologian, Writer / 1347 - 1420
St Jerome was a 4th-century religious scholar and ascetic who’s responsible for the Vulgate, the Catholic Church’s Latin version of the Bible’s Old Testament.
See full bio
(1347-1420)
Saint, Theologian, Writer
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St. Patrick
Saint / 385 -
St. Patrick is Ireland's patron saint, known for spreading Christianity throughout the country as a missionary during the 5th century.
See full bio
| Watch video
(385-)
Saint
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Rudolf Steiner
Educator, Philosopher, Academic Author, Journalist / 1861 - 1925
Rudolf Steiner was a lecturer and founder of anthroposophy. His works attempted to find a synthesis between science and mysticism.
See full bio
(1861-1925)
Educator, Philosopher, Academic Author, Journalist
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Isaac Stern
Musician / 1920 - 2001
Musician, Isaac Stern was a famous violinist and was responsible for discovering Yo-Yo Ma.
See full bio
(1920-2001)
Musician
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Tom Stoppard
Author, Playwright, Screenwriter / 1937 -
Sir Tom Stoppard is a Czech-born British playwright whose famous works include Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1964) and Every Good Boy Deserves Favour (1978). He co-wrote the screenplay for the 1998 Academy Award winning film Shakespeare in Love.
See full bio
(1937-)
Author, Playwright, Screenwriter
t
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Teresa Heinz Kerry
Philanthropist / 1938 -
Teresa Heinz is an American philanthropist, the widow of former U.S. Senator H. John Heinz III and the wife of U.S. Senator John Kerry.
See full bio
(1938-)
Philanthropist
u
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Peter Ustinov
Academic, Film Actor, Theater Actor, Television Actor, Director, Radio Personality, Television Personality, Journalist, Playwright / 1921 - 2004
Peter Ustinov was an English actor, writer and director who is known for his Oscar-winning performances in Spartacus (1960) and Topkapi (1964).
See full bio
(1921-2004)
Academic, Film Actor, Theater Actor, Television Actor, Director, Radio Personality, Television Personality, Journalist, Playwright
v
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Amerigo Vespucci
Explorer / 1454 - 1512
America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, a Florentine navigator and explorer who played a prominent role in exploring the New World.
See full bio
(1454-1512)
Explorer
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Antonio Vivaldi
Educator, Songwriter, Priest / 1678 - 1741
Antonio Vivaldi was a 17th and 18th century composer who’s become one of the most renowned figures in European classical music.
See full bio
(1678-1741)
Educator, Songwriter, Priest
w
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Naomi Watts
Film Actress / 1968 -
Actress Naomi Watts starred in Mulholland Drive and The Ring. She's also a goodwill ambassador for the United Nations, and works on HIV/AIDS awareness programs.
See full bio
(1968-)
Film Actress
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Simone Weil
Educator, Philosopher, Civil Rights Activist, Anti-War Activist, Journalist / 1909 - 1943
Simone Weil was a French intellectual, activist and Christian Mystic.
See full bio
(1909-1943)
Educator, Philosopher, Civil Rights Activist, Anti-War Activist, Journalist
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Ming-Na
Actress / 1963 -
Chinese-American actress Ming-Na is best known for her portrayal of Dr. Deb Chen on the medical drama ER.
See full bio
(1963-)
Actress
z
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Yitzhak Zuckerman
Civil Rights Activist, Folk Hero / 1915 - 1981
Yitzhak Zuckerman was a hero of Jewish resistance to the Nazis in WWII and one of the few survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
See full bio
(1915-1981)
Civil Rights Activist, Folk Hero
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Stefan Zweig
Journalist, Author, Playwright / 1881 - 1942
Stefan Zweig was an Austrian writer and novelist popular in the 1920s and 1930s.
See full bio
(1881-1942)
Journalist, Author, Playwright