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Alfred Nobel
Business Leader, Engineer, Inventor, Chemist / 1833 - 1896
Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel invented dynamite and other explosives. He used his enormous fortune from 355 patents to institute the Nobel Prizes.
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(1833-1896)
Business Leader, Engineer, Inventor, Chemist
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Christiane Nuesslein-Volhard
Geneticist / 1942 -
Christiane Nuesslein-Volhard is a German developmental geneticist who won a Nobel Prize for research concerning the mechanisms of early embryonic development.
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(1942-)
Geneticist
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Hermann Oberth
Physicist / 1894 - 1989
Hermann Oberth has been called "the father of German rocketry." He assisted Wernher von Braun in the 1950s in developing space rockets for the United States.
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(1894-1989)
Physicist
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George A. Olah
Chemist / 1927 -
George A. Olah won the 1994 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for work he did in the1960s isolating carbocations, or positively charged hydrocarbon fragments.
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(1927-)
Chemist
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Ernest O. Lawrence
Educator, Inventor, Physicist / 1901 - 1958
American physicist Ernest O. Lawrence won the 1939 Nobel Prize for Physics for his invention of the cyclotron particle accelerator.
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(1901-1958)
Educator, Inventor, Physicist
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Nikolaus Otto
Inventor / 1832 - 1891
Nikolaus Otto created the first internal-combustion engine that used the four-stroke cycle. It provided an alternative power source to the steam engine.
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(1832-1891)
Inventor
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George E. Palade
Biologist / 1912 - 2008
Biologist George Emil Palade studied cell structure and discovered ribosomes. He won a 1974 Nobel Prize for his research.
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(1912-2008)
Biologist
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Blaise Pascal
Philosopher, Mathematician, Theologian, Physicist / 1623 - 1662
Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher, who laid the foundation for the modern theory of probabilities.
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(1623-1662)
Philosopher, Mathematician, Theologian, Physicist
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Louis Pasteur
Inventor, Doctor, Chemist / 1822 - 1895
Scientist Louis Pasteur came up with the food preparing process known as pasteurization; he also developed a vaccination for anthrax and rabies.
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(1822-1895)
Inventor, Doctor, Chemist
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Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming
Academic Author / 1857 - 1911
Mina Stevens was an astronomer who was a pioneer in the classification of stellar spectra.
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(1857-1911)
Academic Author
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Wolfgang Pauli
Physicist / 1900 - 1958
Wolfgang Pauli was a physicist and recipient of the 1945 Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery in 1925 of the Pauli exclusion principle.
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(1900-1958)
Physicist
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Linus Pauling
Chemist / 1901 - 1994
Linus Pauling was a theoretical physical chemist who became the only person to have won two unshared Nobel Prizes.
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(1901-1994)
Chemist
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Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Surgeon, Scientist / 1849 - 1936
Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov studied "conditioned reflex" through an experiment that made hungry dogs salivate at the sound of a dinner bell.
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(1849-1936)
Surgeon, Scientist
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Jean Piaget
Psychologist, Biologist / 1896 - 1980
Psychologist Jean Piaget identified stages of mental development, called Schema, and established the fields of cognitive theory and developmental psychology.
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(1896-1980)
Psychologist, Biologist
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Johannes Purkinje
Physicist / 1787 - 1869
Czech experimental physiologist Johannes Purkinje discovered the Purkinje effect, Purkinje cells and Purkinje fibers and first introduced the term protoplasm.
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(1787-1869)
Physicist
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Joseph Rotblat
Activist, Physicist, Journalist / 1908 - 2005
Physicist Joseph Rotblat participated in the Manhattan project. After the World War II, he devoted himself to peaceful applications of nuclear physics.
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(1908-2005)
Activist, Physicist, Journalist
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Ernest Rutherford
Physicist / 1871 - 1937
Physicist Ernest Rutherford was the central figure in the study of radioactivity who led the exploration of nuclear physics.
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(1871-1937)
Physicist
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Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Physicist / 1845 - 1923
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen was a Nobel-winning German scientist who is credited with the discovery of X-rays.
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(1845-1923)
Physicist
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Carl Sagan
Astronomer / 1934 - 1996
Carl Sagan was one of the most well-known scientists during the 1970s and ‘80s. He studied extraterrestrial intelligence and advocated for nuclear disarmament.
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(1934-1996)
Astronomer
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William B Shockley
Physicist / 1910 - 1989
William Shockley was an engineer and co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1956 for his development of the transistor.
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(1910-1989)
Physicist
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Richard E Smalley
Chemist / 1943 - 2005
Richard E. Smalley was an American chemist best known for discovering a new form of carbon, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
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(1943-2005)
Chemist
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Roger W. Sperry
Academic, Biologist, Physiologist, Zoologist / 1913 - 1994
Roger W. Sperry was a 20th century scientist who won the Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking research on brain hemispheres.
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(1913-1994)
Academic, Biologist, Physiologist, Zoologist
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Elizabeth Stern
Scientist / 1915 - 1980
Pathologist Elizabeth Stern tracked the 250 stages of a cell's progression from normal to cancerous, enabling early cancer screening.
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(1915-1980)
Scientist
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Leo Szilard
Physicist / 1898 - 1964
A student of such famed physicists as Albert Einstein and Max Planck, Leo Szilard was key in getting the United States to work on the atomic bomb.
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(1898-1964)
Physicist
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William Henry Fox Talbot
Photographer, Astronomer, Chemist, Physicist / 1800 - 1877
William Henry Fox Talbot was a chemist who was the first to develop the photographic negative.
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(1800-1877)
Photographer, Astronomer, Chemist, Physicist
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Edward Tatum
Scientist / 1909 - 1975
Biochemist Edward Tatum won the 1958 Nobel Prize for his research, which helped create the field of molecular genetics.
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(1909-1975)
Scientist
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Henry Taube
Academic, Chemist / 1915 - 2005
Henry Taube was the first Canadian-born scientist to win the Nobel Prize in chemistry for work in electron transfer reactions.
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(1915-2005)
Academic, Chemist
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Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
Astronomer, Physicist / 1941 -
American radio astronomer and physicist Joseph H. Taylor Jr. was the co-recipient of the 1993 Nobel Prize for Physics for discovering the first binary pulsar.
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(1941-)
Astronomer, Physicist
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Nikola Tesla
Engineer, Inventor / 1856 - 1943
Serbian-American inventor Nikola Telsa developed the alternating-current electrical system that's widely used today, and discovered the rotating magnetic field (the basis of most AC machinery).
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(1856-1943)
Engineer, Inventor
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Hugo Theorell
Biologist / 1903 - 1982
Nobel prize winning biochemist Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell 's study of enzymes led to an understanding of how organisms use nutrients to make usable energy.
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(1903-1982)
Biologist
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J.J. Thomson
Academic, Physicist / 1856 - 1940
J.J. Thomson was a Nobel Prize winning physicist whose research led to the discovery of electrons.
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(1856-1940)
Academic, Physicist
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William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin of Largs
Physicist, Academic Author / 1824 - 1907
Lord Kelvin was an Irish physicist who developed a temperature scale based on absolute zero, named the Kelvin scale.
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(1824-1907)
Physicist, Academic Author
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Johannes Diederik van der Waals
Physicist / 1837 - 1923
Dutch physicist Johannes Diederik van der Waals was winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize for Physics for his research on the gaseous and liquid states of matter.
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(1837-1923)
Physicist
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Rudolf Virchow
Academic, Doctor, Political Leader, Biologist / 1821 - 1902
Rudolf Virchow was a German pathologist and statesman, widely credited for his advancements in public health, particularly with his cell theory.
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(1821-1902)
Academic, Doctor, Political Leader, Biologist
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James D. Watson
Academic, Biologist, Geneticist, Zoologist / 1928 -
James D. Watson is a Nobel Prize-winning biophysicist and researcher credited with co-discovering the double-helix structure of DNA.
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(1928-)
Academic, Biologist, Geneticist, Zoologist
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George Westinghouse
Inventor, Scientist / 1846 - 1914
George Westinghouse is best known for his inventions and the development of his company, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing.
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(1846-1914)
Inventor, Scientist
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Edward O. Wilson
Biologist / 1929 -
Edward O. Wilson is the world's foremost expert on ants, and proponent of sociobiology, which explores the genetic basis of social behavior.
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(1929-)
Biologist
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Granville T. Woods
Inventor / 1856 - 1910
Known as "Black Edison," Granville Woods was an African-American inventor who made key contributions to the development of the telephone, street car and more.
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(1856-1910)
Inventor
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Ahmed H. Zewail
Educator, Chemist / 1946 -
Chemist Ahmed H. Zewail won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for developing a rapid laser technique that let scientists study atoms during chemical reactions.
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(1946-)
Educator, Chemist