m
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Berthe Morisot
Painter / 1841 - 1895
Berthe Morisot was a French Impressionist painter who portrayed a wide range of subjects—from landscapes and still lifes to domestic scenes and portraits.
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(1841-1895)
Painter
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F.W. Murnau
Director / 1888 - 1931
Silent film director F.W. Murnau created the first major vampire film with 1924's Nosferatu, based on the novel Dracula by Bram Stroker.
See full bio
(1888-1931)
Director
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Arthur Murray
Educator, Dancer / 1895 - 1991
Ballroom dance instructor Arthur Murray began with a correspondence course in 1912, then opened studios all over the world.
See full bio
(1895-1991)
Educator, Dancer
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Modest Mussorgsky
Songwriter / 1839 - 1881
Modest Mussorgsky was a 19th century Russian composer. His most famous works include "Night on Bald Mountain," "Boris Godunov" and "Pictures at an Exhibition."
See full bio
(1839-1881)
Songwriter
n
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Nadar
Photographer / 1820 - 1910
French artist Nadar was a caricaturist and photographer who became famous for his portrait studio and the images snapped from his giant hot air balloon.
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(1820-1910)
Photographer
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Sarojini Naidu
Activist, Political Leader, Poet / 1879 - 1949
Sarojini Naidu was an India political leader best known as the first female President of the India National Congress.
See full bio
(1879-1949)
Activist, Political Leader, Poet
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Isaac Newton
Philosopher, Mathematician, Astronomer, Physicist / 1643 - 1727
English physicist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton, most famous for his law of gravitation, was instrumental in the scientific revolution of the 17th century.
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| Watch video
(1643-1727)
Philosopher, Mathematician, Astronomer, Physicist
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Frank Nitti
Organized Crime Boss / 1886 - 1943
Organized crime figure Frank "The Enforcer" Nitti was a member of Al Capone’s Chicago gang, and the front man for Capone’s empire when Capone was imprisoned.
See full bio
(1886-1943)
Organized Crime Boss
o
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Georgia O'Keeffe
Painter / 1887 - 1986
Georgia O'Keefe is a 20th century American painter best known for her flower canvases and southwestern landscapes.
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(1887-1986)
Painter
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Aristotle Onassis
Entrepreneur / 1906 - 1975
Aristotle Onassis is best known as the Greek shipping tycoon who married JFK’s widow, Jacqueline Kennedy, in 1968. Onassis died on March 15, 1975.
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| Watch video
(1906-1975)
Entrepreneur
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Buck Owens
Songwriter, Guitarist, Singer, Television Personality / 1929 - 2006
Country singer Buck Owens is one of several musicians credited with creating the Bakersfield Sound, which combines rock and classic country music.
See full bio
(1929-2006)
Songwriter, Guitarist, Singer, Television Personality
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Jesse Owens
Track and Field Athlete / 1913 - 1980
American track-and-field athlete Jesse Owens won four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. His long jump world record stood for 25 years.
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(1913-1980)
Track and Field Athlete
p
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Johann Pachelbel
Songwriter / 1653 - 1706
German composer Johann Pachelbel was known for his works for organ, and was considered one of the great organ masters of the generation before J.S. Bach.
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(1653-1706)
Songwriter
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Charlie Parker
Songwriter, Saxophonist / 1920 - 1955
Charlie Parker was a legendary Grammy Award–winning jazz saxophonist who with Dizzy Gillespie invented the musical style called bop or bebop.
See full bio
(1920-1955)
Songwriter, Saxophonist
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C. Northcote Parkinson
Educator, Historian, Academic Author / 1909 - 1993
Author Cyril Northcote Parkinson is a British historian. He has written a number of books, but is best known for 1955’s Parkinson’s Law.
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(1909-1993)
Educator, Historian, Academic Author
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Gordon Parks
Photographer, Director, Songwriter, Pianist, Writer / 1912 - 2006
Gordon Parks was an African-American photographer, filmmaker and author, best known for his work published in LIFE magazine and for directing the hit movie Shaft.
See full bio
(1912-2006)
Photographer, Director, Songwriter, Pianist, Writer
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Maxfield Parrish
Illustrator, Painter / 1870 - 1966
Maxfield Parrish was an American painter and illustrator who was the highest-paid commercial artist in the United States by the 1920s.
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(1870-1966)
Illustrator, Painter
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Lucy Parsons
Activist, Journalist / 1853 - 1942
Lucy Parsons was an activist who was politically radical for her times and one of the first minority activists.
See full bio
(1853-1942)
Activist, Journalist
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Paul I of Russia
Emperor / 1754 - 1801
Paul I of Russia served as the nation's emperor for a brief, tyrannical five years before he was assassinated 1801.
See full bio
(1754-1801)
Emperor
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Frank Perdue
Business Leader / 1920 - 2005
Frank Perdue transformed Perdue Farms into one of the country’s largest poultry processors and starred in a national advertising campaign.
See full bio
(1920-2005)
Business Leader
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Matthew C. Perry
Military Leader, Diplomat / 1794 - 1794
Matthew C. Perry was a 19th century U.S. Naval officer who fought in the Mexican War and headed an important naval expedition to Japan.
See full bio
(1794-1794)
Military Leader, Diplomat
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Peter
King / 1334 - 1369
Peter the Cruel was the Spanish king of Castile and León, son an successor of Alfonso XI, best known for his vicious characteristics as a ruler.
See full bio
(1334-1369)
King
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John Phillips
Singer / 1935 - 2001
Singer John Phillips was a member of the popular 1960s folk rock band The Mamas and the Papas, along with Cass Elliot, Denny Doherty and Michelle Phillips.
See full bio
(1935-2001)
Singer
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Homer Plessy
Civil Rights Activist / 1862 - 1925
Homer Plessy is best known as the plaintiff in Plessy v. Ferguson, a landmark court case challenging southern-based segregation.
See full bio
(1862-1925)
Civil Rights Activist
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Pocahontas
Folk Hero / 1595 - 1617
Pocahontas, later known as Rebecca Rolfe, was a Native American who assisted English colonists during their first years in Virginia.
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(1595-1617)
Folk Hero
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Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche
Business Leader, Engineer / 1909 - 1998
Thanks to the model 356, created in 1948 by Ferdinand Anton Ernst "Ferry" Porsche, the Porsche car company became known worldwide as a producer of successful sports and racing cars. Several years earlier, in 1934, Porsche worked with father Ferdinand Porsche on the first designs of the Volkswagen car.
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(1909-1998)
Business Leader, Engineer
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William Powell
Film Actor / 1892 - 1984
William Powell was a baritone-voiced actor remembered for playing Nick Charles in The Thin Man films.
See full bio
(1892-1984)
Film Actor
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Robert Preston
Film Actor, Theater Actor / 1918 - 1987
Actor Robert Preston was best known for his portrayal of the charismatic huckster in The Music Man - a role he played on Broadway and in the film adaptation.
See full bio
(1918-1987)
Film Actor, Theater Actor
q
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Queen Elizabeth I
Queen / 1533 - 1603
Elizabeth I was the long-ruling queen of England, governing with relative stability and prosperity for 44 years. The Elizabethan era is named for her.
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(1533-1603)
Queen
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Queen Mother Elizabeth
Political Leader, Queen / 1900 - 2002
Queen Elizabeth was the Queen consort of King George VI until his death in 1952. She is best known for her moral support to the British people during WWII and her longevity.
See full bio
(1900-2002)
Political Leader, Queen
r
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Sergey Rachmaninov
Songwriter, Pianist / 1873 - 1943
Sergey Rachmaninov was a Russian musician known for his magnificent piano playing as well as his distinguished compositions and symphonies.
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(1873-1943)
Songwriter, Pianist
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Ayn Rand
Writer / 1905 - 1982
Author Ayn Rand wrote the best-selling books The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged, and promoted the philosophy of objectivism.
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(1905-1982)
Writer
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J. Arthur Rank, Baron Rank
Entrepreneur / 1888 - 1972
J. Arthur Rank was a British film producer and magnate who also owned two large movie chains.
See full bio
(1888-1972)
Entrepreneur
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Michael Redgrave
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Writer / 1908 - 1985
British thespian Michael Redgrave is acclaimed for his theater and film roles. He has also sired two generations of acting luminaries.
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(1908-1985)
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Writer
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Dana Reeve
Theater Actress, Television Actress, Singer, Philanthropist / 1961 - 2006
Dana Reeve was an actress and the wife of actor Christopher Reeve. She established and chaired the Christopher and Dana Reeve Paralysis Resource Center.
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(1961-2006)
Theater Actress, Television Actress, Singer, Philanthropist
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Adrienne Rich
Scholar, Academic Author, Journalist, Poet / 1929 - 2012
Adrienne Rich is a U.S. poet, scholar and critic whose work exhibits her commitment to the women's movement and a lesbian/feminist aesthetic influence.
See full bio
(1929-2012)
Scholar, Academic Author, Journalist, Poet
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Ellen Richards
Scientist / 1842 - 1911
Chemist, sanitation engineer, and home economist Ellen Richards opened scientific education and professions to women when she started teaching at MIT in 1884.
See full bio
(1842-1911)
Scientist
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Natasha Richardson
Theater Actress, Television Actress / 1963 - 2009
British actress of stage and screen Natasha Richardson won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway show Cabaret before dying in a tragic skiing accident.
See full bio
(1963-2009)
Theater Actress, Television Actress
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Patricia Roberts Harris
Political Leader / 1924 - 1985
Patricia Roberts Harris was the first African-American woman to hold a cabinet position, serve as U.S. ambassador and head a law school.
See full bio
(1924-1985)
Political Leader
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Knute Rockne
Coach, Football Player / 1888 - 1931
U.S. football coach Knute Rockne played on, and later coached, the Notre Dame football team, and popularized the forward pass as a major offensive tactic.
See full bio
(1888-1931)
Coach, Football Player
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Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
Civil Rights Activist, Women's Rights Activist / 1842 - 1924
Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin was an American community leader and women's rights activist who focused particularly on issues affecting African-American women.
See full bio
(1842-1924)
Civil Rights Activist, Women's Rights Activist
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Albert Ryder
Painter / 1847 - 1917
Albert Pinkham Ryder was a painter, whose seascapes, including Toilers of the Sea, reflect his feeling of helplessness against the forces of nature.
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(1847-1917)
Painter
s
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Augusta Savage
Educator, Civil Rights Activist, Sculptor / 1892 - 1962
Augusta Savage is remembered as an artist, activist, and arts educator, serving as an inspiration to the many that she taught, helped, and encouraged.
See full bio
(1892-1962)
Educator, Civil Rights Activist, Sculptor
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Paul Scofield
Actor / 1922 - 2008
British actor Paul Scofield is one of only a handful of actors who have won an Oscar, an Emmy and a Tony.
See full bio
(1922-2008)
Actor
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E.W. Scripps
Publisher / 1854 - 1926
Publisher E.W. Scripps (1854–1926) founded the first major U.S. newspaper chain, and his company is still in the media business.
See full bio
(1854-1926)
Publisher
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Earl Scruggs
Musician / 1924 - 2012
Earl Scruggs is a bluegrass musician who pioneered the Scruggs Style, a method of banjo playing.
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(1924-2012)
Musician
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Selena
Singer / 1971 - 1995
Known as the "Queen of Tejano Music," Selena was a beloved Latin recording artist who was killed by the president of her fan club.
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| Watch video
(1971-1995)
Singer
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Georges Seurat
Painter / 1859 - 1891
French painter Georges Seurat founded Neo-Impressionism and the technique of tiny strokes of contrasting color, pointillism.
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(1859-1891)
Painter
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John Philip Sousa
Inventor, Songwriter / 1854 - 1932
U.S. bandmaster and composer John Philip Sousa was known as “The March King.” In the 1890s he developed a type of bass tuba now known as the sousaphone.
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(1854-1932)
Inventor, Songwriter
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Benjamin Spock
Medical Professional, Journalist / 1903 - 1998
Dr. Spock was best known for his parenting advice book, Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care, originally published in 1946.
See full bio
(1903-1998)
Medical Professional, Journalist
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Dusty Springfield
Singer / 1939 - 1999
Hailed as Britain's "best ever pop singer" by Rolling Stone, the English-born Dusty Springfield charted several 1960s hits, including "Son of a Preacher Man."
See full bio
| Watch video
(1939-1999)
Singer
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Joseph Stalin
Dictator / 1878 - 1953
Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union for more than two decades, instituting a reign of terror while modernizing Russia and helping to defeat Nazism.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1878-1953)
Dictator
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Erle Stanley Gardner
Lawyer, Author / 1889 - 1970
Erle Stanley Gardner was a U.S. detective novelist who wrote The Case of the Velvet Claws and other novels featuring the lawyer-detective Perry Mason.
See full bio
(1889-1970)
Lawyer, Author
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Maureen Stapleton
Film Actress, Theater Actress / 1925 - 2006
Maureen Stapleton was an American actress known primarily for her stage work in the plays of Tennessee Williams.
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(1925-2006)
Film Actress, Theater Actress
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Rudolf Steiner
Educator, Philosopher, Academic Author, Journalist / 1861 - 1925
Rudolf Steiner was a lecturer and founder of anthroposophy. His works attempted to find a synthesis between science and mysticism.
See full bio
(1861-1925)
Educator, Philosopher, Academic Author, Journalist
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Alexander Stephens
U.S. Representative, U.S. Governor, Government Official / 1812 - 1883
Alexander Stephens was the Confederate vice president during the American Civil War.
See full bio
(1812-1883)
U.S. Representative, U.S. Governor, Government Official
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George Stevens
Director / 1904 - 1975
Academy Award-winning director George Stevens is remembered for classic films including Shane (1953) and The Diary of Anne Frank (1959).
See full bio
(1904-1975)
Director
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John Cox Stevens
Inventor, Lawyer / 1749 - 1838
John Stevens was an inventor and promoter of steam power for transportation. His petition to Congress resulted in the Patent Law of 1790.
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(1749-1838)
Inventor, Lawyer
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Charles Sumner
U.S. Representative / 1811 - 1874
Charles Sumner was a U.S. Representative best known an anti-slavery advocate who authored the nation’s first civil rights legislation.
See full bio
(1811-1874)
U.S. Representative
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John Millington Synge
Playwright / 1871 - 1909
John Millington Synge was a playwright and a leading figure of the Irish literary renaissance. He wrote Playboy of the Western World, drawing on everyday life.
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(1871-1909)
Playwright
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William Howard Taft
Academic, Supreme Court Justice, U.S. President / 1857 - 1930
William Howard Taft, the 27th president of the United States, fulfilled a lifelong dream when he was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court, becoming the only person to have served as both a U.S. chief justice and president.
See full bio
(1857-1930)
Academic, Supreme Court Justice, U.S. President
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Kenzo Tange
Architect / 1913 - 2005
Architect Kenzo Tange's best-known early work is the Hiroshima Peace Center. His later work includes the dramatic National Gymnasium for the 1964 Olympic Games.
See full bio
(1913-2005)
Architect
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Elizabeth Taylor
Film Actress / 1932 - 2011
Actress Elizabeth Taylor starred in films like Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and Butterfield 8, but was just as famous for her violet eyes and scandalous love life.
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| Watch video
(1932-2011)
Film Actress
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Frederick W. Taylor
Inventor / 1856 - 1915
U.S. inventor Frederick Winslow Taylor analyzed shop production. His time-and-motion system led to modern mass production techniques.
See full bio
(1856-1915)
Inventor
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Jim Thorpe
Baseball Player, Basketball Player, Boxer, Football Player, Hockey Player, Track and Field Athlete / 1888 - 1953
Jim Thorpe was a Native American professional football and baseball player, known for his all-around athleticism. He was a gold-medal runner at the 1912 Olympics.
See full bio
(1888-1953)
Baseball Player, Basketball Player, Boxer, Football Player, Hockey Player, Track and Field Athlete
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Tiberius
Military Leader, Emperor / 42 - 37
Tiberius was an ancient Roman emperor who ruled from year 14 to 37.
See full bio
(42-37)
Military Leader, Emperor
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Jean Toomer
Author, Playwright / 1894 - 1967
Poet, novelist and short-story writer Jean Toomer was a major figure during the Harlem Renaissance. He is best known for his first book, Cane.
See full bio
(1894-1967)
Author, Playwright
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Santo Trafficante
Organized Crime Boss / 1914 - 1987
Santo Trafficante is best known for running casinos in Cuba, prior to Castro's revolution.
See full bio
(1914-1987)
Organized Crime Boss
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Harriet Tubman
Civil Rights Activist / 1820 - 1913
Harriet Tubman escaped slavery to become a leading abolitionist. She led hundreds of enslaved people to freedom along the route of the Underground Railroad.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1820-1913)
Civil Rights Activist
u
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Peter Ustinov
Academic, Film Actor, Theater Actor, Television Actor, Director, Radio Personality, Television Personality, Journalist, Playwright / 1921 - 2004
Peter Ustinov was an English actor, writer and director who is known for his Oscar-winning performances in Spartacus (1960) and Topkapi (1964).
See full bio
(1921-2004)
Academic, Film Actor, Theater Actor, Television Actor, Director, Radio Personality, Television Personality, Journalist, Playwright
v
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Johannes Diederik van der Waals
Physicist / 1837 - 1923
Dutch physicist Johannes Diederik van der Waals was winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize for Physics for his research on the gaseous and liquid states of matter.
See full bio
(1837-1923)
Physicist
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Jules Verne
Author / 1828 - 1905
Jules Verne was a 19th-century French author whose revolutionary science-fiction novels—such as Around the World in Eighty Days and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea—have entranced readers for over a century.
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(1828-1905)
Author
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Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
Painter / 1755 - 1842
Artist Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun painted around 600 portraits of European society folk, including over 20 paintings of Queen Marie-Antoinette.
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(1755-1842)
Painter
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Luchino Visconti
Director / 1906 - 1976
Luchino Visconti was a film director whose films presented a realistic treatment of individuals caught in the conflicts of modern society.
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(1906-1976)
Director
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Author, Playwright, Poet / 1749 - 1832
Poet, novelist, and playwright Johann Wolfgang von Goethe provided the Sturm und Drang movement with its first novel, The Sorrows of Young Werther.
See full bio
(1749-1832)
Author, Playwright, Poet
w
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Nancy Walker
Film Actress, Theater Actress, Television Actress / 1922 - 1992
Actress Nancy Walker appeared in films and on stage before playing Ida Morgenstern on The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Rosie in the Bounty paper towel commercials.
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(1922-1992)
Film Actress, Theater Actress, Television Actress
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T-Bone Walker
Songwriter, Guitarist, Singer / 1910 - 1975
Blues guitarist and singer-songwriter T-Bone Walker is best known for his hit song "Stormy Monday" and has been called the Charlie Parker of Blues guitar.
See full bio
(1910-1975)
Songwriter, Guitarist, Singer
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DeWitt Wallace
Entrepreneur, Philanthropist, Publisher / 1889 - 1981
DeWitt Wallace was an American publisher and, with his wife, founder of Reader's Digest magazine. The couple supported numerous philanthropic causes.
See full bio
(1889-1981)
Entrepreneur, Philanthropist, Publisher
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Caspar Weinberger
Lawyer, Government Official / 1917 - 2003
Caspar Weinberger served in three U.S. presidential administrations. He was appointed Secretary of Defense after Reagan’s election in 1980.
See full bio
(1917-2003)
Lawyer, Government Official
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Ida B. Wells
Civil Rights Activist, Journalist / 1862 - 1931
Ida B. Wells was an African-American journalist and activist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s.
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(1862-1931)
Civil Rights Activist, Journalist
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John Wesley
Philanthropist, Evangelist / 1703 - 1791
John Wesley was an Anglican clergyman, evangelist, and founder, with his brother Charles, of the Methodist movement in the Church of England.
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(1703-1791)
Philanthropist, Evangelist
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Benjamin West
Painter / 1783 - 1820
Benjamin West was an American born painter of historic and religious subjects, including King George III of England.
See full bio
(1783-1820)
Painter
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George Westinghouse
Inventor, Scientist / 1846 - 1914
George Westinghouse is best known for his inventions and the development of his company, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing.
See full bio
(1846-1914)
Inventor, Scientist
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Walter White
Civil Rights Activist / 1893 - 1955
Walter White became de facto spokesman for African-Americans from his longstanding post with the NAACP.
See full bio
(1893-1955)
Civil Rights Activist
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Walt Whitman
Journalist, Poet / 1819 - 1892
Walt Whitman was an American poet whose verse collection Leaves of Grass is a landmark in the history of American literature.
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(1819-1892)
Journalist, Poet
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Richard Widmark
Film Actor, Television Actor / 1914 - 2008
Actor Richard Widmark had a long and successful film career and is best known for his shocking debut as a psychopath in Kiss of Death.
See full bio
(1914-2008)
Film Actor, Television Actor
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Billy Wilder
Director, Producer / 1906 - 2002
Billy Wilder is best known for the many films he directed and produced, like Some Like It Hot.
See full bio
(1906-2002)
Director, Producer
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William I
King / 1797 - 1888
William I is best known for ruling Prussia as regent, and king, and later as German emperor.
See full bio
(1797-1888)
King
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Eric Williams
Prime Minister / 1911 - 1981
Eric Williams formed the People's National Movement for an independent Trinidad and Tobago, and served as that country's first prime minister.
See full bio
(1911-1981)
Prime Minister
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Joe Williams
Singer / 1918 - 1999
Joe Williams was an American singer known for his mastery of jazz, blues and ballads and for his association with Count Basie in the 1950s.
See full bio
(1918-1999)
Singer
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William Carlos Williams
Poet / 1883 - 1963
William Carlos Williams was a poet known for making ordinary items seem extraordinary through his imagery.
See full bio
(1883-1963)
Poet
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Paul Winfield
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Television Actor / 1939 - 2004
Actor Paul Winfield was best known for his portrayal of a Louisiana sharecropper in the film Sounder, which earned him an Academy Award nomination.
See full bio
(1939-2004)
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Television Actor
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Virginia Woolf
Journalist, Author / 1882 - 1941
English Writer Virginia Woolf became famous for her nonlinear prose style, especially noted in her novels Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse.
See full bio
(1882-1941)
Journalist, Author
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Irene Worth
Film Actress, Theater Actress / 1916 - 2002
Irene Worth was an American and English actress, widely respected for her vast versatility. She was a leading actress on London and Broadway stages.
See full bio
(1916-2002)
Film Actress, Theater Actress
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Wudi
Military Leader, Emperor / 1156 - 1987
Wudi was a Chinese emperor who vastly increased the authority of the Han dynasty and extended Chinese influence abroad.
See full bio
(1156-1987)
Military Leader, Emperor
y
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Lester Young
Saxophonist / 1909 - 1959
Lester Young was a saxophonist who introduced an approach to improvisation that provided much of the basis for modern jazz solo conception.
See full bio
(1909-1959)
Saxophonist
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Whitney Young Jr.
Civil Rights Activist / 1921 - 1971
Whitney Young Jr. was the head of the Urban League for 10 years and a lifelong advocate of civil and equal rights.
See full bio
(1921-1971)
Civil Rights Activist
z
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Fred Zinnemann
Director / 1907 - 1997
Director Fred Zinnemann’s films were known for their realistic characters and atmosphere. He won an Oscar for his 1953 film From Here to Eternity.
See full bio
(1907-1997)
Director