m
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Charlotte Mason
Philanthropist / 1854 - 1946
Charlotte Mason was an American socialite and philanthropist who was an important patron of Harlem Renaissance figures, including Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston.
See full bio
(1854-1946)
Philanthropist
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Linda McCartney
Animal Rights Activist, Photographer / 1941 - 1998
Linda McCartney was a photographer who became widely known as the wife of Beatle Paul McCartney.
See full bio
(1941-1998)
Animal Rights Activist, Photographer
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Floyd B. McKissick
Civil Rights Activist, Legal Professional / 1922 - 1991
Floyd B. McKissick was the first black recipient of a law degree from the University of North Carolina. He specialized in civil rights cases.
See full bio
(1922-1991)
Civil Rights Activist, Legal Professional
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Malcolm McLaren
Artist, Fashion Designer, Musician / 1946 - 2010
Recording artist and fashion designer Malcolm McLaren came to fame as manager of the Sex Pistols. Later, he recorded several albums of his own material.
See full bio
(1946-2010)
Artist, Fashion Designer, Musician
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Norris McWhirter
Publisher, Journalist / 1925 - 2004
Norris Dewar McWhirter and his twin brother Ross published the first edition of The Guinness Book of Records in 1954.
See full bio
(1925-2004)
Publisher, Journalist
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Raffi
Journalist, Poet / 1835 - 1888
Armenian poet and journalist Raffi is best known for writing about the history of Armenian struggles as a means to educate his fellow countrymen.
See full bio
(1835-1888)
Journalist, Poet
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Olivier Messiaen
Songwriter / 1908 - 1992
French organist Olivier Messiaen created works inspired by Roman Catholic theology. Even when captured in World War II, he continued to compose.
See full bio
(1908-1992)
Songwriter
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John Mills
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Producer / 1908 - 2005
John Mills was an award-winning actor, dancer and producer whose career spanned eight decades with works like Great Expectations and Ryan’s Daughter.
See full bio
(1908-2005)
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Producer
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John Montagu
Political Leader, Royalty / 1718 - 1792
British first lord of the Admiralty during the American Revolution, John Montagu was secretary of state for the north and led the prosecution of John Wilkes.
See full bio
(1718-1792)
Political Leader, Royalty
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Lucy Maud Montgomery
Author / 1874 - 1942
Lucy Maud Montgomery was a Canadian writer well known for her novel Anne of Green Gables.
See full bio
(1874-1942)
Author
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John Morton
U.S. Representative / 1724 - 1777
John Morton was a delegate to the Stamp Act Congress and the First and Second Continental Congresses, as well as a signer of the Declaration of Independence.
See full bio
(1724-1777)
U.S. Representative
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Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
Painter / 1618 - 1682
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo was the most popular Baroque religious painter of 17th-century Spain, noted for paintings like Immaculate Conception (1652).
See full bio
(1618-1682)
Painter
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Edward R. Murrow
Radio Personality, News Anchor, Journalist / 1908 - 1965
American radio and television news broadcaster Edward R. Murrow gave eyewitness reports of WWII for CBS and helped develop journalism for mass media.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1908-1965)
Radio Personality, News Anchor, Journalist
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Benito Mussolini
Dictator / 1883 - 1945
Benito Mussolini created the Fascist Party in Italy in 1919, eventually making himself dictator prior to World War II. He was killed in 1945.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1883-1945)
Dictator
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Luis Muñoz Marín
Governor / 1898 - 1980
Luis Muñoz Marín was Puerto Rico's first governor, serving four terms.
See full bio
(1898-1980)
Governor
n
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Michel Navratil
Fashion Designer / 1880 - 1912
Michel Navratil was a tailor from Slovakia who died during the sinking of the RMS Titanic.
See full bio
(1880-1912)
Fashion Designer
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Louise Nevelson
Sculptor / 1899 - 1988
Louise Nevelson was an iconoclast artist known for her monochromatic abstract expressionist sculptures. She rose to be an internationally known artist and worked into her 80s.
See full bio
(1899-1988)
Sculptor
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Richard Nixon
U.S. President / 1913 - 1994
Richard Nixon was the 37th U.S. president and the only commander-in-chief to resign from his position, after the 1970s Watergate scandal.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1913-1994)
U.S. President
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Kwame Nkrumah
World Leader, Prime Minister / 1909 - 1972
Kwame Nkrumah was a Ghanaian nationalist leader who led the Gold Coast's independence from Britain and presided over its emergence as the new nation of Ghana
See full bio
(1909-1972)
World Leader, Prime Minister
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Emmy Noether
Mathematician / 1882 - 1935
German mathematician Emmy Noether (1882–1935) revolutionized the areas of abstract algebra and theoretical physics. Even Einstein called her a genius.
See full bio
(1882-1935)
Mathematician
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Laura Nyro
Pianist, Singer / 1947 - 1997
Laura Nyro is best known for her musical career as a singer-songwriter, which began in the 1960s.
See full bio
(1947-1997)
Pianist, Singer
o
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Flann O'Brien
Writer / 1911 - 1966
Author Flann O’Brien’s most famous novel, At Swim-Two-Birds, combines folklore, poetry and humor. It was published in 1939.
See full bio
(1911-1966)
Writer
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Milo O'Shea
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Television Actor / 1926 - 2013
Milo O'Shea was an Irish actor known for starring on the BBC sitcom Me Mammy and in Staircase, Broadway's first serious depiction of homosexual men.
See full bio
(1926-2013)
Film Actor, Theater Actor, Television Actor
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Phil Ochs
Civil Rights Activist, Anti-War Activist, Songwriter, Guitarist, Singer / 1940 - 1976
American folk singer Phil Ochs is best remembered for the protest songs he wrote in the 1960's on war and civil rights.
See full bio
(1940-1976)
Civil Rights Activist, Anti-War Activist, Songwriter, Guitarist, Singer
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St Bernadette of Lourdes
Saint / 1844 - 1879
St. Bernadette of Lourdes was best known as a saint who received visions from the Virgin Mary in a cave near Lourdes. Pope Pius XI canonized her as a saint in 1933.
See full bio
(1844-1879)
Saint
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St. Catherine of Siena
Nun, Saint, Theologian / 1347 - 1380
St. Catherine of Siena was a Dominican tertiary who worked to return the papacy from France to Italy. She is one of two patron saints of Italy.
See full bio
(1347-1380)
Nun, Saint, Theologian
p
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Eduardo Paolozzi
Sculptor / 1924 - 2005
Sculptor Eduardo Paolozzi's collage work combining surrealism with elements of popular culture and technology led him to be credited as the inventor of Pop Art.
See full bio
(1924-2005)
Sculptor
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Frederick Douglass Patterson
Educator / 1901 - 1988
Educator Frederick Douglass Patterson served as president of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. He also founded the United College Negro Fund.
See full bio
(1901-1988)
Educator
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Charley Patton
Guitarist, Singer / 1887 - 1934
Mississippi blues guitarist and singer Charley Patton is remembered as the "Father of the Delta Blues." He played with guitarist Willie Brown, and the Chatmons.
See full bio
(1887-1934)
Guitarist, Singer
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John Paul II
Pope / 1920 - 2005
Pope John Paul II made history in 1978 by becoming the first non-Italian pope in more than four hundred years.
See full bio
(1920-2005)
Pope
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Octavio Paz
Author, Poet / 1914 - 1998
Mexican poet and essayist Octavio Paz received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1990.
See full bio
(1914-1998)
Author, Poet
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I.L. Peretz
Author / 1852 - 1915
I.L. Peretz was a Jewish author who gained fame after writing folktales, ballads and plays about the ideals of Judaism.
See full bio
(1852-1915)
Author
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Pablo Picasso
Painter / 1881 - 1973
Spanish expatriate Pablo Picasso was one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, as well as the co-creator of Cubism.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1881-1973)
Painter
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Gene Pitney
Songwriter, Singer / 1941 - 2006
Singer and songwriter Gene Pitney wrote and recorded popular music in the 1960s, including Ricky Nelson's 1961 hit "Hello Mary Lou."
See full bio
(1941-2006)
Songwriter, Singer
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Gonzalo Pizarro
Explorer, Governor / 1502 - 1548
Spanish explorer Gonzalo Pizarro fought during the conquest of Peru in the 16th century and later worked to protect the rights of Indians there.
See full bio
(1502-1548)
Explorer, Governor
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Pol Pot
Dictator / 1925 - 1998
Pol Pot was the political leader of Cambodia who was responsible for the deaths of thousands of people under his reign.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1925-1998)
Dictator
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Georges Pompidou
Civil Servant, World Leader / 1911 - 1974
Frenchman Georges Pompidou rose from schoolteacher to Premier and then President, continuing many of his predecessor's, Charles de Gaulle, policies.
See full bio
(1911-1974)
Civil Servant, World Leader
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Pontiac
Warrior / 1720 - 1769
Native Indian Chief Pontiac was famous for his role in Pontiac's Rebellion, an American Indian struggle against the British occupation of the Great Lakes area.
See full bio
(1720-1769)
Warrior
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Edwin S. Porter
Director / 1870 - 1941
American filmmaker Edwin S. Porter invented the Simplex camera for the Edison Company, and pioneered new techniques in films like The Great Train Robbery.
See full bio
(1870-1941)
Director
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Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
Civil Rights Activist, U.S. Representative, Pastor / 1908 - 1972
Adam Clayton Powell Jr. was a 20th century clergyman and U.S. representative who was a major force in establishing civil rights for African Americans.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1908-1972)
Civil Rights Activist, U.S. Representative, Pastor
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Powhatan
Folk Hero / 1547 - 1618
Chief Powhatan, father of Pocahontas, ruled over six Powhatan tribes in the Richmond, Virginia, area during the early 17th century.
See full bio
(1547-1618)
Folk Hero
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E.J. Pratt
Poet / 1882 - 1964
Canadian poet E.J. Pratt is the author of several collections of verse, including The Titans (1926) and Brébeuf and His Brethren (1940).
See full bio
(1882-1964)
Poet
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Otto Preminger
Director / 1906 - 1986
Otto Preminger helped establish film noir with his movie Laura in 1944. He opened his own production company, which made controversial movies that challenged film regulations.
See full bio
(1906-1986)
Director
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Jean Vander Pyl
Film Actress, Television Actress, Radio Personality / 1919 - 1999
Jean Vander Ply was an American actress on radio, television and film. He is best known as the voice of Wilma Flintstone from the cartoon The Flintstones.
See full bio
(1919-1999)
Film Actress, Television Actress, Radio Personality
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Ernie Pyle
Journalist / 1900 - 1945
American journalist Ernie Pyle was one of the most famous war correspondents of World War II. He won a Pulitzer Prize for reporting in 1944.
See full bio
(1900-1945)
Journalist
r
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Byron R. White
Football Player, Lawyer, Supreme Court Justice, Government Official / 1917 - 2002
President John F. Kennedy appointed Byron R. White deputy U.S. attorney general in 1961. A year later White was appointed to the Supreme Court where he served until 1993.
See full bio
(1917-2002)
Football Player, Lawyer, Supreme Court Justice, Government Official
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François Rabelais
Doctor, Priest, Author / 1494 - 1553
French writer and physician François Rabelais wrote the comic masterpiece Gargantua and Pantagruel, which is praised for its use of language and satire.
See full bio
(1494-1553)
Doctor, Priest, Author
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Raphael
Architect, Painter / 1483 - 1520
A leading figure of Italian High Renaissance classicism, Raphael is best known for his "Madonnas," including the Sistine Madonna, and for his large figure compositions in the Palace of the Vatican in Rome.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1483-1520)
Architect, Painter
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James Earl Ray
Murderer / 1928 - 1998
James Earl Ray is best known for assassinating civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., in 1968.
See full bio
(1928-1998)
Murderer
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Carol Reed
Director, Producer / 1906 - 1976
Sir Carol Reed was British film director noted for his technical mastery of the suspense-thriller genre.
See full bio
(1906-1976)
Director, Producer
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Ottorino Respighi
Songwriter / 1879 - 1936
Italian composer Ottorino Respighi introduced dramatic Russian sound to Italian music. He wrote suites and operas, including Pini di Roma and Belfagor.
See full bio
(1879-1936)
Songwriter
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Buddy Rich
Drummer / 1917 - 1987
Buddy Rich played drums in swing bands with Artie Shaw and Tommy Dorsey, and was known for his drumming speed.
See full bio
(1917-1987)
Drummer
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Richard I
Folk Hero, Military Leader, Political Leader, King / 1157 - 1199
Richard I of England, better known as Richard the Lionheart, is best known as a great military leader who remains a enduring iconic figure in England today.
See full bio
(1157-1199)
Folk Hero, Military Leader, Political Leader, King
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Augusto Roa Bastos
Author / 1917 - 2005
Paraguayan author Augusto Roa Bastos received the Premio Cervantes prize in 1989 for books like I, the Supreme (1947).
See full bio
(1917-2005)
Author
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Jerome Robbins
Choreographer, Director, Philanthropist, Television Producer / 1918 - 1998
Jerome Robbins' was one of the 20th centuries most popular Broadway ballet and musical choreographers.
See full bio
(1918-1998)
Choreographer, Director, Philanthropist, Television Producer
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Robert II
Political Leader, King / 1316 - 1390
Robert II was king of Scotland from 1371 to 1390, and is best known for his largely ineffectual reign.
See full bio
(1316-1390)
Political Leader, King
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Sugar Ray Robinson
Boxer / 1921 - 1989
Sugar Ray Robinson was an American professional boxer who is frequently cited as the greatest boxer in history.
See full bio
(1921-1989)
Boxer
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Washington Roebling
Engineer / 1881 - 1912
Washington Roebling was an engineer and a notable victim of the Titanic disaster.
See full bio
(1881-1912)
Engineer
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Ginger Rogers
Film Actress, Theater Actress, Television Actress, Dancer, Pin-up / 1911 - 1995
Ginger Rogers was a prolific Oscar-winning actress, singer and dancer who was revered for her cinematic footwork with Fred Astaire.
See full bio
(1911-1995)
Film Actress, Theater Actress, Television Actress, Dancer, Pin-up
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
U.S. President / 1882 - 1945
Franklin D. Roosevelt was the only U.S. president to be elected four times. He led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1882-1945)
U.S. President
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Hermann Rorschach
Psychiatrist / 1884 - 1922
Hermann Rorschach was a Swiss psychoanalyst who created the controversial Rorschach Inkblot Test to measure social behavior.
See full bio
(1884-1922)
Psychiatrist
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Ed Roth
Artist / 1932 - 2001
Artist Ed "Big Daddy" Roth became the king of California custom car culture in the 1950s and '60s with his Beatnik Bandit model and characters like Rat Fink.
See full bio
(1932-2001)
Artist
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Manuel Roxas
World Leader / 1892 - 1948
Manuel Roxas was a political leader and first president (1946–48) of the independent Republic of the Philippines.
See full bio
(1892-1948)
World Leader
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Helena Rubinstein
Entrepreneur, Philanthropist / 1870 - 1965
Helena Rubinstein was a Polish entrepreneur best known for her global cosmetics empire.
See full bio
(1870-1965)
Entrepreneur, Philanthropist
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Benjamin Rush
Doctor, Political Leader, Writer / 1746 - 1813
Benjamin Rush is best known for his political activities during the American Revolution, including his signature on the Declaration of Independence.
See full bio
(1746-1813)
Doctor, Political Leader, Writer
s
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Saint Mark
Missionary, Saint / - 68
Apostle Saint Mark was one of Christ's 70 disciples, one of the four evangelists and the traditional author of the second Gospel, The Book of Mark.
See full bio
(-68)
Missionary, Saint
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John Singer Sargent
Painter / 1856 - 1925
John Singer Sargent was an Italian-born American painter whose portraits of the wealthy and privileged provide an enduring image of Edwardian-age society.
See full bio
(1856-1925)
Painter
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Jean-Paul Sartre
Philosopher, Activist, Literary Critic, Academic Author, Journalist, Author, Playwright, Screenwriter / 1905 - 1980
Jean-Paul Sartre was a 20th century intellectual, writer and activist who put forth pioneering ideas on existentialism.
See full bio
(1905-1980)
Philosopher, Activist, Literary Critic, Academic Author, Journalist, Author, Playwright, Screenwriter
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Hubert Selby Jr.
Academic, Author, Screenwriter / 1928 - 2004
Hubert Selby, Jr. was a writer from Brooklyn, NY, who wrote the novels Last Exit to Brooklyn and Requiem for a Dream, both of which were adapted into films.
See full bio
(1928-2004)
Academic, Author, Screenwriter
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Anna Sewell
Author / 1820 - 1878
Anna Sewell was the British author of the classic children's horse story Black Beauty.
See full bio
(1820-1878)
Author
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William Shakespeare
Playwright, Poet / 1564 - 1616
William Shakespeare, often called the English national poet, is widely considered the greatest dramatist of all time.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1564-1616)
Playwright, Poet
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Sam Shaw
Photographer / 1912 - 1999
Photographer Sam Shaw is remembered for his iconic images of such stars as Marilyn Monroe and Marlon Brando. He also produced several films, including 1961's Paris Blues.
See full bio
(1912-1999)
Photographer
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Dick Shawn
Film Actor, Television Actor, Comedian / 1923 - 1987
Known as an unusual comic performer, Dick Shawn had both TV and film roles, including in Mel Brooks' The Producers and the sitcom Three's Company.
See full bio
(1923-1987)
Film Actor, Television Actor, Comedian
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Sam Sheppard
Doctor, Surgeon / 1923 - 1970
Sam Sheppard was an American physician best known as a homicide suspect in his wife’s murder.
See full bio
(1923-1970)
Doctor, Surgeon
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Nina Simone
Civil Rights Activist, Pianist, Singer, Journalist / 1933 - 2003
Nina Simone sang a mix of jazz, blues and folk music in the 1950s and '60s. A civil rights activist, she wrote songs promoting the Civil Rights Movement.
See full bio
(1933-2003)
Civil Rights Activist, Pianist, Singer, Journalist
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Wallis Simpson
Duchess / 1896 - 1986
American socialite Wallis Simpson became the mistress of Edward, Prince of Wales. Edward abdicated the throne to marry her, a period known as the Abdication Crisis.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1896-1986)
Duchess
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Edward J. Smith
1850 - 1912
Captain Edward J. Smith played a role in one of the most famous disasters at sea in history, the sinking of the Titanic in 1912.
See full bio
(1850-1912)
-
Muriel Spark
Literary Critic, Academic Author, Publisher, Author, Poet / 1918 - 2006
Dame Muriel Spark was a Scottish novelist, poet and literary critic best known for her novel The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie.
See full bio
(1918-2006)
Literary Critic, Academic Author, Publisher, Author, Poet
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Charlotta Spears Bass
Educator, Editor, Journalist / 1874 - 1969
Charlotta Spears Bass was a journalist and activist who, as editor of the California Eagle, championed African-American equality and freedom.
See full bio
(1874-1969)
Educator, Editor, Journalist
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William Thomas Stead
Journalist, Author / 1849 - 1912
William Thomas Stead was a writer of journalistic pieces and ghost stories whose life came to an end on the Titanic.
See full bio
(1849-1912)
Journalist, Author
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Gustav Stickley
Entrepreneur / 1858 - 1942
American designer Gustav Stickley created the simple and functional Craftsman furniture that became highly popular in the early 20th century.
See full bio
(1858-1942)
Entrepreneur
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Bram Stoker
Author / 1847 - 1912
Irish writer Bram Stoker is best known for authoring the classic horror novel Dracula (1897).
See full bio
| Watch video
(1847-1912)
Author
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Carl Stokes
Lawyer, Mayor, News Anchor / 1927 - 1996
Carl Stokes served as the Cleveland, Ohio’s mayor from 1967 to 1971. He was one of the first African Americans to be elected mayor in a major U.S. city.
See full bio
(1927-1996)
Lawyer, Mayor, News Anchor
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Harlan Fiske Stone
Supreme Court Justice / 1872 - 1946
Renowned for his judicial impartiality and objectivity, Harlan (Fiske) Stone served as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1941 to 1946.
See full bio
(1872-1946)
Supreme Court Justice
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Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky
Songwriter, Conductor, Pianist / 1882 - 1971
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian composer best known as one of the most influential composers in the twentieth century for ballets such as The Firebird, Petrushka and The Rite of Spring.
See full bio
(1882-1971)
Songwriter, Conductor, Pianist
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Louis H. Sullivan
Architect / 1856 - 1924
Louis H. Sullivan was an architect dubbed the "father of modern American architecture."
See full bio
(1856-1924)
Architect
t
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Taksin
Military Leader, King / 1734 - 1782
Taksin was an 18th century Thai general and king.
See full bio
(1734-1782)
Military Leader, King
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Maria Tallchief
Ballet Dancer / 1925 - 2013
Maria Tallchief was a revolutionary American ballerina who broke barriers for Native American women.
See full bio
(1925-2013)
Ballet Dancer
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Oliver Tambo
Activist / 1917 - 1993
Oliver Tambo was the acting president of the African National Congress, the South African anti-apartheid political party. Tambo served primarily in exile.
See full bio
(1917-1993)
Activist
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Maxwell D. Taylor
Military Leader, Government Official / 1901 - 1987
Maxwell Davenport Taylor was a U.S. Army officer who helped organize the army's first airborne division during World War II.
See full bio
(1901-1987)
Military Leader, Government Official
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Margaret Thatcher
Prime Minister / 1925 - 2013
The first female prime minister of Britain, Margaret Thatcher was a controversial figurehead of conservative ideology during her time in office.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1925-2013)
Prime Minister
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John B. Thayer
Business Leader / 1862 - 1912
An executive with the Pennsylvania Railroad, John B. Thayer was among the 1,500 people who died in the 1912 Titanic disaster and is remembered for his bravery.
See full bio
(1862-1912)
Business Leader
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Pat Tillman
1976 - 2004
Football player Pat Tillman enlisted in the U.S. Army in 2002. He was killed in action in 2004, and the exact circumstances of his death are still in question.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1976-2004)
-
William Monroe Trotter
Civil Rights Activist, Entrepreneur, Journalist / 1872 - 1934
William Monroe Trotter was a Harvard-educated journalist and activist who championed equal rights for African Americans.
See full bio
(1872-1934)
Civil Rights Activist, Entrepreneur, Journalist
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Tamerlan Tsarnaev
Mass Murderer / 1986 - 2013
Tamerlan Tsarnaev, along with brother Dzhokhar, was named a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings of April 15, 2013. He was fatally shot by police officers four days later.
See full bio
(1986-2013)
Mass Murderer
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Marie Tussaud
Artist, Entrepreneur / 1761 - 1850
Marie Tussaud is best known for her Madame Tussaud's Museum of Wax, showing famous individuals as wax figurines.
See full bio
(1761-1850)
Artist, Entrepreneur
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Mark Twain
Writer / 1835 - 1910
An adventurer and wily intellectual, Mark Twain wrote the classic American novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
See full bio
| Watch video
(1835-1910)
Writer
u
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Robert Urich
Film Actor, Television Actor / 1946 - 2002
American actor Robert Urich is best known for his role as Dan Tanna in Vega$. He died at age 55 from a rare form of cancer, synovial cell sarcoma.
See full bio
(1946-2002)
Film Actor, Television Actor
v
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Joseph Valachi
Organized Crime Boss / 1904 - 1971
Joseph Valachi was a part of Lucky Luciano's mob family from the 1930s through the 1950s.
See full bio
(1904-1971)
Organized Crime Boss
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Sarah Vaughan
Singer / 1924 - 1990
Sarah Vaughan was an American jazz vocalist known for her impressive three octave range. She was inducted into the Jazz Hall of Fame in 1990.
See full bio
(1924-1990)
Singer