Quick Facts
- NAME: Galileo
- OCCUPATION: Astronomer
- BIRTH DATE: February 15, 1564
- DEATH DATE: January 08, 1642
- EDUCATION: Camaldolese Monastery at Vallombrosa
- PLACE OF BIRTH: Pisa, Italy
- PLACE OF DEATH: Arcetri, Italy
Best Known For
Galileo was an Italian scientist who lead the Scientific Revolution, proposing the then controversial idea of Copernicanism, the idea that earth orbits the sun.
Galileo. (2012). Biography.com. Retrieved 02:15, Feb 08, 2012 from http://www.biography.com/people/galileo-9305220
Galileo [Internet]. 2012. http://www.biography.com/people/galileo-9305220, February 08
" Galileo." 2012. Biography.com 08 Feb 2012, 02:15 http://www.biography.com/people/galileo-9305220
' Galileo', Biography.com,(2012) http://www.biography.com/people/galileo-9305220 [accessed Feb 08, 2012]
" Galileo," Biography.com, http://www.biography.com/people/galileo-9305220 (accessed Feb 08, 2012).
Galileo [Internet]. Biography.com; 2012 [cited 2012 Feb 08]. Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/galileo-9305220.
Galileo, http://www.biography.com/people/galileo-9305220 (last visited Feb 08, 2012).
Galileo, http://www.biography.com/people/galileo-9305220 (last visited Feb 08, 2012).
Synopsis
(born Feb. 15, 1564, Pisa [Italy]—died Jan. 8, 1642, Arcetri, near Florence) Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who made fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy, and strength of materials and to the development of the scientific method. His formulation of (circular) inertia, the law of falling bodies, and parabolic trajectories marked the beginning of a fundamental change in the study of motion. His insistence that the book of nature was written in the language of mathematics changed natural philosophy from a verbal, qualitative account to a mathematical one in which experimentation became a recognized method for discovering the facts of nature. Finally, his discoveries with the telescope revolutionized astronomy and paved the way for the acceptance of the Copernican heliocentric system, but his advocacy of that system eventually resulted in an Inquisition process against him.
Early life and career
Galileo was born in Pisa, Tuscany, on February 15, 1564, the oldest son of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician who made important contributions to the theory and practice of music and who may have performed some experiments with Galileo in 1588–89 on the relationship between pitch and the tension of strings. The family moved to Florence in the early 1570s, where the Galilei family had lived for generations. In his middle teens Galileo attended the monastery school at Vallombrosa, near Florence, and then in 1581 matriculated at the University of Pisa, where he was to study medicine. However, he became enamoured with mathematics and decided to make the mathematical subjects and philosophy his profession, against the protests of his father. Galileo then began to prepare himself to teach Aristotelian philosophy and mathematics, and several of his lectures have survived. In 1585 Galileo left the university without having obtained a degree, and for several years he gave private lessons in the mathematical subjects in Florence and Siena. During this period he designed a new form of hydrostatic balance for weighing small quantities and wrote a short treatise, La bilancetta (“The Little Balance”), that circulated in manuscript form. He also began his studies on motion, which he pursued steadily for the next two decades.
In 1588 Galileo applied for the chair of mathematics at the University of Bologna but was unsuccessful. His reputation was, however, increasing, and later that year he was asked to deliver two lectures to the Florentine Academy, a prestigious literary group, on the arrangement of the world in Dante's Inferno. He also found some ingenious theorems on centres of gravity (again, circulated in manuscript) that brought him recognition among mathematicians and the patronage of Guidobaldo del Monte (1545–1607), a nobleman and author of several important works on mechanics. As a result, he obtained the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa in 1589. There, according to his first biographer, Vincenzo Viviani (1622–1703), Galileo
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