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Elijah Muhammad biography

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Quick Facts

  • PLACE OF DEATH: Chicago, Illinois
  • Originally: Elijah Poole
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As leader of the Nation of Islam, Elijah Muhammad called for the establishment of a separate nation for black Americans.


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The son of sharecroppers and ex-slaves, Elijah (Poole) Muhammad became assistant minister to the founder of the Nation of Islam, Wallace D. Fard, around 1930. After Fard disappeared, Muhammad built up the sect's membership, calling for a separate nation for blacks, away from the "blue-eyed devils." In his later years, he moderated his antiwhite tone, focusing on self-help among blacks.

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