Quick Facts
- NAME: Allan Pinkerton
- OCCUPATION: Police Officer
- BIRTH DATE: August 25, 1819
- DEATH DATE: July 01, 1884
- PLACE OF BIRTH: Glasgow, United Kingdom
- PLACE OF DEATH: Chicago, Illinois
Best Known For
Allan Pinkerton was a Scottish-born detective and founder of a famous American private detective agency, the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.
Allan Pinkerton. (2012). Biography.com. Retrieved 01:57, Feb 10, 2012 from http://www.biography.com/people/allan-pinkerton-9441102
Allan Pinkerton [Internet]. 2012. http://www.biography.com/people/allan-pinkerton-9441102, February 10
" Allan Pinkerton." 2012. Biography.com 10 Feb 2012, 01:57 http://www.biography.com/people/allan-pinkerton-9441102
' Allan Pinkerton', Biography.com,(2012) http://www.biography.com/people/allan-pinkerton-9441102 [accessed Feb 10, 2012]
" Allan Pinkerton," Biography.com, http://www.biography.com/people/allan-pinkerton-9441102 (accessed Feb 10, 2012).
Allan Pinkerton [Internet]. Biography.com; 2012 [cited 2012 Feb 10]. Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/allan-pinkerton-9441102.
Allan Pinkerton, http://www.biography.com/people/allan-pinkerton-9441102 (last visited Feb 10, 2012).
Allan Pinkerton, http://www.biography.com/people/allan-pinkerton-9441102 (last visited Feb 10, 2012).
Synopsis
Born on August 25, 1819, in Glasgow, Scotland, Allan Pinkerton was the founder of a famous American detective agency. Pinkerton's agency stopped a plot aimed at president-elect Abraham Lincoln and, working for the Union during the Civil War, he headed an group whose purpose was to obtain military information in the Southern states. After he retired, he wrote three books about his experiences.
Profile
(born August 25, 1819, Glasgow, Scotland—died July 1, 1884, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.) Scottish-born detective and founder of a famous American private detective agency.
Pinkerton was the son of a police sergeant who died when Allan was a child, leaving the family in great poverty. Allan found work as a cooper and soon became involved in Chartism, a mass movement that sought political and social reform. His activities resulted in a warrant for his arrest, and in 1842 Pinkerton fled to the United States, settling in Chicago. Moving the next year to the nearby town of Dundee in Kane county, he set up a cooper's shop there. While cutting wood on a deserted island one day, he discovered and later captured a gang of counterfeiters. Following this and other similar achievements, he was appointed deputy sheriff of Kane county in 1846 and soon afterward deputy sheriff of Cook county, with headquarters in Chicago.
In 1850 Pinkerton resigned from Chicago's new police force in order to organize a private detective agency that specialized in railway theft cases. The Pinkerton National Detective Agency became one of the most famous organizations of its kind. Its successes included capture of the principals in a $700,000 Adams Express Company theft in 1866 and the thwarting of an assassination plot against President-elect Abraham Lincoln in February 1861 in Baltimore. In 1861, working for the Union during the Civil War, Pinkerton, under the name E.J. Allen, headed an organization whose purpose was to obtain military information in the Southern states.
After the Civil War Pinkerton resumed the management of his detective agency. From 1873 to 1876 one of his detectives, James McParlan, lived among the Molly Maguires in Pennsylvania and secured evidence that led to the breaking up of this organization of coal miners supposedly engaged in terrorism. During the strikes of 1877 the Pinkerton Agency's harsh policy toward labour unions caused it to be severely criticized in labour circles, although Pinkerton asserted he was helping workers by opposing labour unions. Pinkerton wrote The Molly Maguires and the Detectives (1877); The Spy of the Rebellion (1883), his account of Lincoln's journey to Washington in 1861; and Thirty Years a Detective (1884).
Copyright © 1994-2011 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. For more information visit Britannica.com
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