Bob Marley Biography

Alt Text Bob Marley was born Robert Nesta Marley in a small rural village in Jamaica and rose to become the most popular and beloved reggae artist in history. Standing a mere 5' 4" Marley was a charismatic sensitive soul who had a gift for translating the pain and politics of suppressed people into uplifting songs of deliverance. Like a messiah from the third world, he delivered messages of love and unity and pushed the underground sounds of reggae music onto the world stage.

Born of mixed heritage - his father a Jamaican born white man of British nationality and his mother a black Jamaican - Marley was ostracized as a child and struggled to come to terms with the duality of his racial identity. His conversion to the Rastafarian religion, a faith originating from early Christianity and Judaism in Egypt and Ethiopia, helped him find truth in a world filled with injustice and racism.

Influenced by popular African American groups like Curtis Mayfield's "The Impressions", Bob Marley joined with childhood friends to form The Wailers, singing 'ska' and slow tempo 'rock steady' songs. The group dressed in matching suits and maintained the clean-cut look reminiscent of Motown groups of that era. After becoming a Rastafarian and reforming the group years later as "Bob Marley and The Wailers" Marley began to emerge as a prophetic musician promoting peace and higher consciousness.

At 32 years old, Marley was diagnosed with skin cancer on his toe and refused amputation because of his religious beliefs. In just four short years, cancer had consumed him, spreading to his brain, liver, lungs, and stomach - killing him at the age of thirty-six.

Bob Marley is one of the most successful artists to come from the Caribbean and is revered as a legend of reggae music and the Rastafarian faith.

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INTERESTING FACTS

  • Bob Marley followed the Rastafarian religion, which comes from the original forms of Christianity and Judaism from Egypt and Ethiopia, and includes an "Ital" diet prohibiting the consumption of pork, alcohol, coffee, medicines and all foods containing preservatives and additives.
  • Bob Marley named his first son Ziggy after a soccer term that meant to zig-zag and dribble the ball.
  • Bob Marley and The Wailers' greatest hits album "Legend" was released in 1984 and is the best-selling reggae album in the world. It has gone platinum 10 times in the U.S.
  • Bob Marley was buried with a bible in one hand and a guitar in the other.
  • Eric Clapton covered Bob Marley's song "I Shot the Sheriff" in 1974 and it becomes a #1 hit.
  • In 2008 Martin Scorcese announces plans to produce a documentary based on Bob Marley's book "Catch a Fire". The film is set to be released in 2010, the year Marley would have turned 65th.

AWARDS & HONORS

  • Awarded the Peace Medal of the Third World from the United Nations (1978)
  • Awarded the Jamaican Order of Merit (1981)
  • Bob Marley's birthday is declared a national holiday in Jamaica (1990)
  • Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1994)
  • Awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (2001)
  • Honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (2001)
  • BBC names the song "One Love", song of the millennium (2001)
  • A section of New York's Church Avenue in the East Flatbush section of Brooklyn is renamed "Bob Marley Boulevard" (2006)

DISCOGRAPHY: THE WAILERS

  • The Wailing Wailers (1965)
  • Soul Rebels (1970)
  • Soul Revolution (1971)
  • Soul Revolution Part II (1971)
  • The Best of The Wailers (1971)
  • Catch a Fire (1973)
  • African Herbsman (1973)
  • Burnin' (1973)
  • Rasta Revolution (1974)

DISCOGRAPHY: BOB MARLEY aND THE WAILERS

  • Natty Dread (1974)
  • Live! (1975)
  • Rastaman Vibration (1976)
  • Exodus (1977)
  • Kaya (1978)
  • Babylon By Bus (1978)
  • Survival (1979)
  • Uprising (1980)
  • Confrontation (1983)
  • Talkin’ Blues (recorded in 1973, released 1991)
  • Live at the Roxy (recorded in 1976, released 2003)

DISCOGRAPHY: NOTABLE COMPILATIONS

  • Legend (1984)
  • Songs of Freedom (1992)
  • Natural Mystic: The Legend Lives On (1995)

SELECTED BOB MARLEY BIOGRAPHIES

  • "Catch a Fire" by Timothy White (1983)
  • "Bob Marley: Songs of Freedom" by Adrian Boot & Chris Salewicz (1995)
  • "Bob Marley: His Musical Legacy" by Jeremy Collingwood (2005)
  • "Before The Legend: The Rise Of Bob Marley" by Christopher John Farley (2006)
  • "Marley Legend: An Illustrated Life of Bob Marley" by James Henke (2006)

Bob Marley Timeline

  • 1945
    1. Nesta Robert Marley is born on February 6th in the small village of Nine Miles in Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica to 18-year old Cedella Booker. His father Norval Sinclair Marley, a white Jamaican had married his mother at the beginning of her pregnancy, and left town the next day.
  • 1949
    1. Enrolls at the Stepney All Age School in Nine Miles and around this time he begins reading the palms of villagers and telling their fortunes. His father Norval soon returns and takes him to live with the wealthy Marley family in Kingston. After almost a year, Cedella learns that he is not living with his father's family, but with a sickly woman, Mrs. Grey, where he is providing care and assistance for the ailing woman.
      Cedella brings her son back home to Stepney and he continues his schooling at the Stepney All Age School where he befriends Neville "Bunny" Livingston, the son of his mother's boyfriend. Soon after he declares he is finished with palm reading and is now singing.
  • 1957
    1. He moves to the Trench Town ghetto in Kingston to join his mother who had been working and living there during the week and commuting back to Stepney on weekends. He enrolls at Ebenezer, a private school and maintains his friendship with Bunny Livingston who was now living nearby. Together they make homemade guitars from sticks and cans and practice songs that Cedella teaches them, sometimes writing their own.
  • 1959
    1. Leaves school at 14 years old and at the advice of his mother apprentices at a welder's shop. Struggling to survive, like many Trench Town residents, he would often take meals at a "kitchen" where his friend Vincent "Tartar" Ford was selling small local dishes. Marley later credits the lyrics and the subsequent royalties for "No Woman, No Cry" to Vincent, acknowledging that he would have gone hungry many times if not for the aid of his friend.
  • 1961
    1. After a painful welding accident where a piece of metal flies into his eye, Marley gives up welding and focuses on music, joining with friends Bunny Livingston, and Peter Tosh (McIntosh). They call themselves "The Teenagers" and Marley is now being called Bob.
  • 1962
    1. Records the ska singles "Judge Not (Unless You Judge Yourself)", "Terror", and "One Cup of Coffee" at a small studio under the pseudonym Bobby Martell with producer Leslie Kong on his Beverley label.
  • 1963
    1. Daughter Imani Carole is born to Marley and his girlfriend Cheryl Murray on May 22nd.
      Forms a group with Bunny Livingston (later known as Bunny Wailer), Peter McIntosh (later known as Peter Tosh), Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso and Cherry Smith calling themselves "The Teenagers" and later changing their name to "The Wailing Rudeboys" then to "The Wailing Wailers" before settling on simply "The Wailers". Their first single "Simmer Down" becomes a #1 hit on Jamaica's JBC Radio chart. The group dress is matching Motown-esque suits and sport close-cropped haircuts.
  • 1966
    1. Weds Cuban born Alpharita "Rita" Constantia Anderson, a singer in the trio group "The Soulettes" on February 10th. The next day he leaves his wife behind to find work in Wilmington, Delaware where his mother was now living. He takes a succession of jobs - from a lab assistant at DuPont, to the Chrysler assembly line.
      Returns to Jamaica in November and sets up his own label, the Wail 'N' Soul 'M record store in Kingston. He soon converts to the Rastafarian religion as his wife had done in his absence and begins dreading his hair and following a natural diet in the tradition of the religion.
  • 1967
    1. Daughter Cedella is born to Marley and Rita on August 23rd. The Wailers sign with African-American producer Danny Sims and churn out over eighty songs on the JAD Records label.
  • 1968
    1. Son David "Ziggy" is born to Marley and Rita on October 17th.
  • 1971
    1. The Wailers release "Soul Rebels", their first album to be released outside of Jamaica.
      Alan "Skill" Cole, a Jamaican soccer star and The Wailers' manager, forms the label "Tuff Gong" with ten dollars, and shares ownership of the company with Bob and the other two members of the group. "Trench Town Rock" is the first song to be released on the label.
  • 1972
    1. Despite his relative success as a musician Bob Marley was still struggling financially and he moves with his wife and children to the United States to once again live with his mother in Delaware. His son Stephen is born to Rita on April 20th in Delaware. Meanwhile, son Rohan is born to Marley and his girlfriend Janet Hunt on May 19th. When the draft of the Vietnam War catches up with Bob Marley, he returns to Jamaica and soon after, The Wailers sign with Chris Blackwell of Island Records.
  • 1973
    1. The Wailers release the militant-tinged album "Burnin'" on October 19th, which includes the song "Get up, Stand Up".
  • 1974
    1. The Wailers disband and Marley continues recording as "Bob Marley and The Wailers" with Aston "Family Man" Barrett, Carlton Barrett, Junior Marvin, Al Anderson, Tyrone Downie, Earl "Way" Lindo, Alvin "Seeco Patterson" and the "I Threes" as back-up vocals, which includes his wife Rita. They release "Natty Dread" on October 25th - their first album as "Bob Marley and The Wailers".
  • 1975
    1. The single "No Woman No Cry" becomes a hit. A son, Julian, is born to Marley and his girlfriend Lucy Pounder on June 4th.
      Releases the album "Rastaman Vibration" on April 30th and it spends four weeks on the Billboard Top Ten chart.
  • 1976
    1. Son Ky-Mani is born to Marley and his girlfriend table tennis champion Anita Belnavis on February 26th.
      Marley is shot two times when gunmen storm his house on December 3rd. His wife and his manager Don Taylor also sustain gunshot wounds. After being treated at the hospital, Marley hides out in the Blue Mountains then resurfaces to perform at the free concert "Smile Jamaica" on December 5th, to quell political unrest, at the National Heroes Park in Kingston, Jamaica, then relocates to England.
  • 1977
    1. Releases the album "Exodus" on June 3rd. After breaking his toe in a soccer accident in July, Marley is diagnosed with malignant melanoma, a skin cancer.
  • 1978
    1. Releases the album "Kaya" on March 23rd, which stays on the British album charts for 56 consecutive weeks and includes the hit singles "Exodus", "Waiting In Vain", "Jamming", "One Love", and "People Get Ready"
      Returns to Jamaica to perform at the "One Love Peace Concert" on April 22nd in Jamaica to once again quell political unrest. Political rivals Michael Manley, leader of the People's National Party, and Edward Seaga leader of the opposition, shake hands on stage at the request of Bob Marley.
      Son Damian is born to Miss World 1976, Cindy Breakspeare, on July 21st
      Releases the double live album "Babylon by Bus" on November 10th
  • 1979
    1. Performs at the Amandia Festival on July 21st in Boston, Massachusetts in opposition to South African apartheid and releases the politically charged album "Survival" on October 2nd, which addresses the struggles of Africans.
  • 1980
    1. Performs in Zimbabwe in April to celebrate the country's independence form the United Kingdom.
      Releases the album "Uprising" on June 10th, containing songs addressing the Rastafarian beliefs. The album rises to #41 on Billboard's Black Album chart in North America and #45 on the Pop Albums chart.
      Baptized by the Archbishop of the Ethiopian Orthodox Christian Church in Kingston, Jamaica on November 4th.
      While jogging in New York's Central Park, Bob Marley collapses and it is discovered that his cancer has spread to his lungs, liver and brain.
  • 1981
    1. Awarded the Jamaican Order of Merit in February.
      Marley goes to Germany to seek medical attention from a specialist, and on his return home to Jamaica, he lands in Miami to seek emergency medical care at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital where he dies at the age of 36 on May 11th.
      Daughter Makeda is born to Marley and his girlfriend Yvette Crichton on May 30th.
      Bob Marley receives a state funeral in Jamaica with a ceremony that combines the elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafarian traditions. He is then laid to rest in a mausoleum in the Nine Miles village where he was born.

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