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Black History

Scientists & Educators

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Archibald Alexander
Archibald Alexander

Protestant clergyman and educator, born near Lexington, Virginia, USA. The son of a merchant farmer, he underwent a religious conversion in 1789, began to evangelize, and proved to be a fluent and persuasive preacher.

Benjamin Banneker
Benjamin Banneker

Astronomer and mathematician. Born Benjamin Bannakay on November 9, 1731 near Baltimore, Maryland.

Mary McLeod Bethune
Mary McLeod Bethune

Educator and civil and women's rights activist. Born July 10, 1875 in Mayesville, South Carolina.

Charlotte Hawkins Brown
Charlotte Hawkins Brown

Educator. Born Lottie Hawkins in 1883, in Henderson, North Carolina.

Clara Brown
Clara Brown

Philanthropist, pioneer. Born a slave in 1800 in Virginia. Brown and her mother were bought by tobacco farmer Ambrose Smith.

George Washington Carver
George Washington Carver

American agricultural chemist, agronomist, and experimenter whose development of new products derived from peanuts (groundnuts), sweet potatoes, and soybeans helped revolutionize the agricultural economy of the South.
David Nelson Crosthwait
David Nelson Crosthwait

Engineer, inventor, writer. Born on May 27, 1898, in Nashville, Tennessee.

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Charles Drew
Charles Drew

American physician and surgeon who was an authority on the preservation of human blood for transfusion.

Joycelyn Elders
Joycelyn Elders

Pediatric endocrinologist, U.S. surgeon general. Born Minnie Lee Jones on August 13, 1933 in Schaal, Arkansas.

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Henry Louis Gates
Henry Louis Gates

Educator, author, editor. Born on September 16, 1950, in Keyser, West Virginia.

Patrick Healy
Patrick Healy

Catholic priest and educator. Born on February 27, 1834, in Jones County, Georgia.

Matthew Henson
Matthew Henson

American black explorer who accompanied Robert E. Peary on most of his expeditions, including that to the North Pole in 1909.

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Mae C. Jemison
Mae C. Jemison

Astronaut, physician. Born October 17, 1956, in Decatur, Alabama, the youngest child of Charlie Jemison, a roofer and carpenter, and Dorothy (Green) Jemison, an elementary school teacher.

Dr. Percy Lavon Julian
Dr. Percy Lavon Julian

Chemist, inventor. Born Percy Lavon Julian on April 11, 1899 in Montgomery, Alabama.

Ernest Everett Just
Ernest Everett Just

Cell biologist, born in Charleston, South Carolina, USA.

Lucy Craft Laney
Lucy Craft Laney

Educator. Born on April 13, 1854, in Macon, Georgia.

John Mercer Langston
Lucy Craft Laney

Black leader, educator, and diplomat, who is believed to have been the first black ever elected to public office in the United States.

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Madame CJ Walker
Madame CJ Walker

Entrepreneur and philanthropist. Born Sarah Breedlove on December 23, 1867, in Delta, Louisiana.

Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington

Writer, black leader, educator. Born Booker Taliaferro Washington on April 5, 1856 in Franklin County, Virginia.

Daniel Hale Williams
Daniel Hale Williams

American physician and founder of Provident Hospital in Chicago, credited with the first successful heart surgery.

Granville T. Woods
Granville T. Woods

Inventor, born in Ohio, USA. Born to free African-Americans, he received little schooling and in his early teens took up a variety of jobs, including in a railroad machine shop, as a railroad engineer, in a steel mill, as an engineer on a British ship, and then back on the railroad.

Carter G. Woodson
Carter G. Woodson

Historian, educator, author, and publisher. Born in 1875 in New Canton, Virginia.

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