Montgomery Clift Biography

(born October 17, 1920, Omaha, Neb., U.S.—died July 23, 1966, New York, N.Y.) American motion-picture actor noted for the emotional depth and sense of vulnerability he brought to his roles. Along with Marlon Brando and James Dean, he helped delineate a new paradigm for American cinematic heroes.

Clift's childhood was unconventional. His family moved frequently, and Clift spent a significant amount of time in Europe. When he was 12 he auditioned for a theatre company in Sarasota, Florida, and won a role in As Husbands Go. From 1934 to 1945 he performed regularly on and off Broadway, appearing in such notable plays as Robert Sherwood's There Shall Be No Night (1940), Thornton Wilder's The Skin of Our Teeth (1942), and Lillian Hellman's The Searching Wind (1944). He worked with, among others, actor Alfred Lunt and director Robert Lewis (both of whom served as mentors) and became known for the intelligence and dedication he brought to his work.

Owing to his striking good looks and his success on the stage, Hollywood studios soon began wooing Clift. He turned down several offers, however, before accepting roles in Howard Hawks's Red River (1948) and Fred Zinnemann's The Search (1948). Both films were immensely successful and secured for Clift a reputation as one of the most promising young movie actors of his generation. He received an Academy Award nomination for The Search, but Red River achieved landmark status and is considered by many to be one of the best westerns ever made. In Red River Clift portrayed an earnest and sensitive young cowboy who challenges the authority of his adoptive father, a rough, hardened rancher played by the archetypal American cowboy, John Wayne. Similarly, Clift himself—with his introspective acting style and his ability to combine compassion with ruggedness—challenged the validity of traditional definitions of masculinity and screen heroism.

Clift reached the peak of his Hollywood career with George Stevens's A Place in the Sun (1951) and Zinnemann's From Here to Eternity (1953), both of which earned him Academy Award nominations. In A Place in the Sun, his physical beauty and the emotional intensity of his performance as the doomed lover (especially in his scenes with costar Elizabeth Taylor) confirmed his status as a romantic screen idol. In From Here to Eternity, Clift played a complex, tormented young soldier who endures ridicule and harassment in order to remain true to his moral principles; it is often considered his finest performance.